1. Using Citation Analysis to Explore the Information Needs of Graduate Students Affiliated with a Fuel Cell Research Center Michael White Queen’s University American Society for Engineering Education 2013 Annual Conference & Exposition June 26, 2012

2. Fuel Cell Overview Invented in 19 th century William Grove, 1839 Electrochemical cell Chemical reaction  electical energy 1960s – US/USSR Space Programs “Clean” energy source No pollutants Image source: RTDInfo: Magazine on European Research, August 2004

3. Fuel Cell Programs, Labs, and Research Centers  ASU  Caltech  Colorado School of Mines  Cornell  Georgia Tech  Humboldt State U  Kettering U  Penn State  Queen’s U-RMC  Stark State College  Texas A&M  U at Albany  UC Berkeley  UC Davis  UC Irvine  U of Connecticut  U of Delaware  U of Hawaii  U of Illionis UC  U of N. Dakota  U de Québec à Trois-Rivières  U of S. Carolina  U of Waterloo  Virginia Commonwealth U  West Virginia U  Worcester Poly University National Lab

4. Queen’s-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre Established in 2007 Moved to Queen’s Innovation Park in 2008 Eight faculty 4 x Chemical Eng./Chemistry 2 x Mechanical & Materials Eng. 1 x Civil Eng. 1 x Mining Eng. 5 research staff & PDFs 20 graduate students 80 publications; few patent apps.

5. Engineering & Science Library Distance = 2 km/1.25 miles Queen’s RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre

6. FCRC Mission Statement “University-based research and development organization in partnership with industry dedicated to advancing the knowledge base for addressing the key technology challenges to the commercialisation of fuel cell applications.” Image source: National Research Council, Fuel Cell Lab, Vancouver, BC

7. Fuel Cell Patents, 2002-2012

8. Questions What types of materials do FCRC graduate students cite? What are the top cited journals by the number of citations and citing authors? What are the core journals in the fuel cell literature? What is the mean number of references per thesis? What is the age profile of journal and book citations? Are patents a major source of information cited by students?

9. Mining Chem Eng Mech & Mat Civil Eng Mining Chem Eng Mech & Mat Civil Eng ?

10. Data Summary TotalPhDMaster’s # of theses19*217 # of references1,3172521,065 Mean6912663 Median5912659 Range34-16587-16534-140 Oldest reference1867 1912 *E-theses only. Theses published in print/microfiche prior to mid-2007 were not included in this study.

11. T/D by Year and Dept. N = 19

12. Cited References by Type

13. Cited References by Dept.

14. Journal Dispersion & 80/20 Rule Journal dispersion Number of journals cited once 80/20 rule 249 150 72.3 60.2 50

15. Top Journals: Cited vs. WoS Search RankCited Journal% 1Journal of Power Sources16.2 2Journal of the Electrochemical Society8.1 3Solid State Ionics5.5 4Electrochimica Acta4 5Chemical Engineering Science2.8 6-7Applied Catalysis A2.3 6-7International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2.3 8Langmuir2 9Journal of Applied Electrochemistry1.5 10Chemical Engineering Journal1.4 RankJournal (WoS Search)% 1Journal of Power Sources12.5 2International Journal of Hydrogen Energy6.6 3Journal of the Electrochemical Society5.4 4Electrochimica Acta3.1 5Solid State Ionics2.3 6Journal of Membrane Science1.8 7Electrochemistry Communications1.7 8Journal of Physical Chemistry C1.6 9Fuel Cells1.3 10Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology1.2

16. Top Publishers PublisherTitles% Refs. Elsevier1239.4 Electrochemical Society310.3 American Chemical Society55.7 Wiley22.4 AIP21.7 Springer11.5 Nature10.8

17. Top Journals Ranked by Number of Citing Authors RankJournal# Authors% Authors 1Journal of Power Sources1789.4 2-3Chemical Engineering Science1263.2 2-3International Journal of Hydrogen Energy1263.2 4Journal of the Electrochemical Society1157.9 5Electrochimica Acta1036.8 6-7ECS Transactions736.8 6-7Solid State Ionics736.8 8-10Applied Catalysis A631.6 8-10Electrochemical and Solid State Letters631.6 8-10Journal of Applied Electrochemistry631.6

18. Age of Citations: Journal vs. Book Years

19. Conclusions & Questions Distinct fuel cell literature Elsevier is the dominant publisher ACS, ECS and Wiley also important Differences between sub-disciplines Mining students cite more conferences, tech reports and patents Civil students cite fewer journals How are students searching the literature? Why aren’t students using the patent literature?