1. COSULTANT UROLOGIST

2.  Diseases of lower urinary tract

5.  Infection.  Tumor  Trauma  Urolithiasis

6.  UTI inflammatory response of the urothelium to bacterial invasion that is usually associated with bacteriuria and pyuria

7.  Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in the urine  symptomatic or asymptomatic  Pyuria, the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine  Cystitis usually associated with dysuria, frequency, and/or urgency. Suprapubic pain and hematuria are less common

8.  Diagnosis direct or indirect analysis of the urine and is confirmed by urine culture. Urine Collection Voided and Catheterized Specimens Suprapubic Aspiration

9.  Symptoms  Treatment antibiotic anticholinergic ?

10.  condition diagnosed on a clinical basis  often exacerbated by bladder filling and associated with urinary frequency  bladder and/or urethral and/or pelvic pain, irritative voiding symptoms, and sterile urine cultures

12.  30% to 40% of all extrapulmonary TB.  occurs secondary to TB of the kidney  Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the urine.  sterile pyuria often accompanied by hematuria and proteinuria

13.  Cystoscopy :  limited role in the diagnosis of TB.  no pathognomonic findings that are specific for tuberculosis  Treatment  antituberculous chemotherapy  Augmentation cystoplasty ( <100ml )

14.  chronic infection Schistosoma.  Symptoms:-  Diagnosis:-  The presence of terminally spined eggs in the urinary sediment is diagnostic of active S. haematobium infection

16.  Treatment :-  Medical-> antischistosomal drugs (Praziquantel )  Surgical-> for ureteral stricture

17.  Infection.  Tumor  Trauma  Urolithiasis

18.  BENIGN TUMORS :- 1 - Epithelial Metaplasia 40% of women and 5% of men have squamous metaplasia of the bladder, which is usually related to infection, trauma, and surgery  2- Leukoplakia keratin deposition that appears as a white flaky substance floating in the bladder

19. 3- Papilloma is a benign proliferative growth. 4- Nephrogenic Adenoma caused by chronic irritation. composed of glandular-appearing tubules similar to renal tubules. 5- Cystitis Cystica and Glandularis. 6- Leiomyoma

20.  TCC  7% of all cancers  Males are 3 to 4 times> females.  causes: …………  Gross, painless hematuria is the primary symptom in 85%  20% will have a urologic malignancy, and 12% will have a bladder tumor

23.  Treatment:  TUR-BT  Chemotherapy – UB. instelation  Radical cystectomy.  Partial cystectomy.  radiotherapy

25.  Sarcoma s  most common mesenchymal tumor. Small Cell Carcinoma metastatic disease, even if there is no radiologic evidence of disease outside the bladder. Squamous Cell Cancer

26.  Infection.  Tumor  Trauma  Urolithiasis

27. Protected from external trauma. 80% to 94% of patients have significant associated nonurologic injuries obstetric and gynecologic complications are the most common causes of bladder injuries. Extraperitoneal. Intraperitoneal

28.  the most reliable indicator is gross hematuria, which is present in nearly all cases

29.  car accidents, falls, or industrial accidents.  blood at the meatus,  inability to urinate,  and palpably full bladder  Ascending uretherogram.

32.  Infection.  Tumor  Trauma  Urolithiasis

33.  BLADDER CALCULI  5% of all urinary stone disease  Primary  No functional, anatomic, or infectious factors.  Most common in children younger than the age of 10  Rarely recur after treatment

35.  typically found in men older than the age of 60.  lower urinary tract obstruction. 3%-7% of patients will report a history of renal colic foreign body in the bladder Neurogenic Bladder and Spinal Cord Injury

36.  Intermittency,  frequency,  urgency,  dysuria,  decreased force of the urinary stream, incontinence,  and lower abdominal pain

37.  Cystolithotomy  Cystolithlapaxy.  Shockwave Lithotripsy

38.  99% of asymptomatic adult men noted to have some degree of prostatic calcification at the time of autopsy, regardless of age  most prostatic calculi are asymptomatic

39.  Migratory Calculi  Primary Urethral Calculi  Symptoms  Treatment

40. Catheter Size Based on Age AGE IN YRCATHETER SIZE (FR) <5 5-8 5-10 8-10 10-14 10 >14 10-14