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Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards.

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards."— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards

2 Symbol for the “rest” of an organic molecule

3 Alkanes R–CH 2 –CH 2 –R All of the bonds are single bonds (-C-H-, and -C-C-) Methane CH 4 Ethane CH 3 -CH 3 Propane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3 Butane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Pentane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Hexane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Heptane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Octane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Nonane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Decane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3

4 Alkenes R–CH=CH–R CH 2 =CH 2

5 Alkynes R–C≡C–R H–C≡C–H Hint: A E I

6 Methyl Group What would an ethyl or propyl group look like?

7 Carbonyl Group Found in 5 functional groups –Ketones-Aldehydes-Esters –Carboxyls-Amides Example: When group is in middle of carbon chain  ketone Example: When group is at end of carbon chain  aldehyde

8 Ketone Ketones can be shown in text as: RCOR

9 Aldehyde Aldehydes can be shown in text as: RCHO

10 Ester Group Esters can be shown in text as: RCOOR HINT: Ester is a “COOC”

11 Carboxyl Group –or- Carboxylic Acid Carboxylic acids can be shown in text as: RCOOH

12 Amide Group Primary amides can be shown in text as: RCONH 2

13 Amino Group Different than amide b/c “no” carbonyl group Primary amines can be shown in text as: RNH 2

14 Hydroxyl –or- Hydroxide -Forms alcohols

15 Ether Group Ethers can be shown in text as: ROR HINT: Easter Bunny

16 Nitrite Group NO 2 - (ionic form)

17 Nitrate Group NO 3 - (ionic form) Hint: “tres”

18 Phosphate Group Symbol is

19 Sulfhydryl Group

20 Other basic rules... Functionional groups assume their distinct identity when separated by –CH2– groups. Thus, the carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (OH) of a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, are part of a single function and are NOT "alcohol-plus-ketone":

21 Comprehension Check Name the functional group KetoneEther Phosphate Amide Hydroxyl AldehydeAmino Carboxyl

22 For more practice... http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/onclick0.htm


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