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Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards
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Symbol for the “rest” of an organic molecule
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Alkanes R–CH 2 –CH 2 –R All of the bonds are single bonds (-C-H-, and -C-C-) Methane CH 4 Ethane CH 3 -CH 3 Propane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3 Butane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Pentane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Hexane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Heptane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Octane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Nonane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 Decane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3
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Alkenes R–CH=CH–R CH 2 =CH 2
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Alkynes R–C≡C–R H–C≡C–H Hint: A E I
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Methyl Group What would an ethyl or propyl group look like?
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Carbonyl Group Found in 5 functional groups –Ketones-Aldehydes-Esters –Carboxyls-Amides Example: When group is in middle of carbon chain ketone Example: When group is at end of carbon chain aldehyde
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Ketone Ketones can be shown in text as: RCOR
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Aldehyde Aldehydes can be shown in text as: RCHO
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Ester Group Esters can be shown in text as: RCOOR HINT: Ester is a “COOC”
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Carboxyl Group –or- Carboxylic Acid Carboxylic acids can be shown in text as: RCOOH
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Amide Group Primary amides can be shown in text as: RCONH 2
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Amino Group Different than amide b/c “no” carbonyl group Primary amines can be shown in text as: RNH 2
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Hydroxyl –or- Hydroxide -Forms alcohols
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Ether Group Ethers can be shown in text as: ROR HINT: Easter Bunny
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Nitrite Group NO 2 - (ionic form)
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Nitrate Group NO 3 - (ionic form) Hint: “tres”
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Phosphate Group Symbol is
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Sulfhydryl Group
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Other basic rules... Functionional groups assume their distinct identity when separated by –CH2– groups. Thus, the carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (OH) of a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, are part of a single function and are NOT "alcohol-plus-ketone":
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Comprehension Check Name the functional group KetoneEther Phosphate Amide Hydroxyl AldehydeAmino Carboxyl
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For more practice... http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/onclick0.htm
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