1. Other Types of Graphs Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Section 2-4

3. Suggestions for Drawing Pareto Charts 1. Make the bars the same width. 2. Arrange the data from largest to smallest according to frequency. 3. Make the units that are used for the frequency equal in size.

4. The population of federal prisons, according to the most serious offenses, consists of the following. Make a Pareto chart of the population. Violent offenses12.6% Property offenses8.5% Drug offenses60.2% Public order offenses Weapons8.2% Immigration4.9% Other5.6% Section 2-4 Exercise #1

5. A time series graph represents data that occur over a specific period of time. A pie graph is a circle that is divided into sections or wedges according to the percentage of frequencies in each category of the distribution.

6. The data represent the personal consumption (in billions of dollars) for tobacco in the United States. Draw a time series graph for the data and explain the trend. Year19951996199719981999200020012002 Amount8.58.79.09.39.69.910.210.4 Section 2-4 Exercise #7

7. The assets of the richest 1% of Americans are distributed as follows. Make a pie chart for the percentages. Principal residence7.8% Liquid assets5.0% Pension accounts6.9% Stock, mutual funds, and personal trusts31.6% Businesses and other real estate46.9% Miscellaneous1.8% Section 2-4 Exercise #11

8. Stem and Leaf Plots A stem and leaf plot is a data plot that uses part of the data value as the stem and part of the data value as the leaf to form groups or classes.

9. The age at inauguration for each U.S. President is shown below. Construct a stem and leaf plot and analyze the data. 575452555156 616856555461 575146545152 574954426069 586449516264 574850564346 61654755 54 Section 2-4 Exercise #15

10. Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions and Graphs Section 2.5 Paired Data and Scatter Plots

11. Scatter Plots A scatter plot is a graph of order pairs of data values that is used to determine if a relationship exists between the two variables.

12. Analyzing the Scatter Plot 1. A positive linear relationship exists when the points fall approximately in an ascending straight line and both the x and y values increase at the same time. The relationship then is that as the values for the x variable increase, the values for the y variable are increasing. 2. A negative linear relationship exists when the points fall approximately in a descending straight line from left to right. The relationship then is that as the x values are increasing, the y values are decreasing, or vice versa. 3. A nonlinear relationship exists when the points fall in a curved line. The relationship is described by the nature of the curve. 4. No relationship exists when there is no discernable pattern of the points.

14. The data represent the heights in feet and the number of stories of the tallest buildings in Pittsburgh. Draw a scatter plot for the data and describe the relationship. Height, x 485511520535582615616635728841 No. of Stories, y 40374142384531405464 Section 2-5 Exercise #5 Height No. of Stories 0 200 400 600 800 1000 100 80 60 40 20 0

15. A study was conducted to determine if the amount a person spends per month on recreation is related to the person’s income. Draw a scatter plot and comment on the nature of the relationship. Income, x $800$1200$1000$900$850$907$1100 Amount, y$60$200$160$135$45$90$105 Section 2-5 Exercise #7 Monthly Income Amount Spent on Recreation 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 250 220 180 150 120 90 60 30

16. A statistics instructor wishes to determine if a relationship exists between the final exam score in Statistics 101 and the final exam scores of the same students who took Statistics 102. Draw a scatter plot and comment on the nature of the relationship. Stat 101, x 8792687295788398 Stat 102, y8388707490748399 Section 2-5 Exercise #9 Final Exam Score in Stat 101 Final Exam Score in Stat 102 60 70 80 90 100 100 90 80 70 60

17. The data shown indicate the number of tournaments and the earnings in thousands of dollars of 10 randomly selected LPGA golfers. Draw a scatter plot for the data and determine the nature of the relationship. No. of Tour- naments, x 27302421183225322527 Earnings($),y956757583517104173252303355405 Section 2-5 Exercise #11 Number of Tournaments Earnings 15 20 25 30 35 1000 750 500 250

18. An educator wants to see if there is a relationship between the number of absences a student has and his or her final grade in a course. Draw a scatter plot and comment on the nature of the relationship. No. of absences, x Final Grade, y 10 12 2 0 8 5 70 65 96 94 75 82 Section 2-5 Exercise #13 Number of Absences Final Grade 0 5 10 15 100 90 80 70 60