1. The Situation of women in 1914

2. 1919 1914 What's the link?

3. What can you remember ? YouTube - Sister Suffragette Sing Along BBC - Learning Zone Class Clips - Suffragettes: The Battle for the Vote - History Video

5. What do these posters suggest About women's suffrage ?

7. Munitions Work About 60 per cent of all workers in the munitions industry were women. They worked 12 hour shifts, 7 days a week. They were often known as the canaries as the chemicals they used would often turn their skin yellow and in extreme cases caused illnesses and hair loss! It could be a dangerous job and some workers were even killed in explosions at factories

9. Source A – An official was painting from 1917, of women at work in a munitions factory

10. Source B – A photograph taken in a munitions factory

11. Source C – Extract from the diary of a female munitions worker May 1917 I was doing some crochet work in my tea time when I heard the alarm. In my hurry to get to the fire I ran over an allotment and fell into the ditch. We had to push through a crowd of men who shouted at us not to go near. The exploding cartridges made a fearful noise. Most of us were stuck by bullets but only bruise. There was not too much power in the hits.

12. TASK What was the purpose of source A ? What caption would you give this painting? How far is the impression it gives supported by source B ? What can you learn from Source B about the work done by women in munitions factories ? (4 marks) Basic Level (1-2 Marks) Answer describes the picture or explains the work done by women during the war. It takes some detail and links it to a comment about women's work in munitions factories. Good Level (3-4 marks) Answer takes several details from the picture and uses them to explain women's work in munitions factories.

13. Growing Independence The war brought other changes to women's lives. Mainly as a result of the work they did. Women had to adapt to new ways of dressing for the work they were doing – having short hair or wearing trousers, for example. Some women appeared in uniform, in roles ranging from railway porters to ambulance drivers. Women gained much greater freedom. With fewer men around, chaperones for wealthier girls became less common. Full wage Packets meant that women had money to spend. They now smoked, drank in pubs, went to the cinema, on bicycle trips and on shopping trips in towns unsupervised. Some older people were scandalised and troops returning home from France were amazed.

14. Source D: An article from the Daily Mail, September 1916 The wartime business girl is to be seen at night dining out in restaurants in London. Before, she would never have had her evening meal in town unless in the company of a man friend. But now, with money and without men, she is dining out more and more. The meal, of course, is accompanied By a cigarette.

15. Source E – A historian writing in 1965 Women became more independent. Women munitions workers paid for their round of drinks at the pub. Fashion changed for practical reasons. Never again did skirts sweep the ground. The petticoat disappeared. Women's hats became neater. A few women cut their hair. Not all the changes in work lasted after the war, but some did. The mail clerk with his quill pen and copperplate handwriting was gone for good, replaced the female shorthand typist.

16. Source F – An article called ‘The new Women’ from The Sphere, May 1918 She has entered practically all the professions. She will get the vote next month. A postwomen brings you the letters and a girls brings you the milk for your morning tea. There are girls, uniformed or not, at the Wheels of half the cars that pass. Of you go by train, women will handle your luggage. If you choose a bus or train, the conductress in her smart uniform has long become a familiar figure. You can even be shaved by a women.

17. Task What can you learn from Source D about the changes in the social life of some women? How far does Source F support the evidence of Source E about the changes to women’s lives as a result of the First World War?

18. Did the attitudes of men towards women change?

19. Source G – From M Pugh, Womens Suffrage, 1867-1928, 1992 A very simplified view would see the vote as a reward for wartime service. However, careful study shows little change resulted from the war, not how much. In the newspaper reports of the time women received a warm welcome; but in farms, hospitals and factories they were greatly resented.

20. Source H: From a speech made in 1917 by Herbert Asquith, who was Prime Minister from 1908 to 1916 My opposition to women's rights is well known. However, for three years now The Suffragettes have not restarted that horrible campaign of violence. Not only that, they have contributed to every service during this war except of fighting. I therefore believe that some measure of women's suffrage should be given.

21. Source I – From a letter to the Glasgow Herald sent by a women in 1916 To observe how men speak and write about women today is vastly amusing to us. We have not changed with the war. It is only that some Instances the scales have fallen from men's eyes. In the hour of Britain's need her sons have realised that of victory was to be won they could not afford to hem women in with the old restrictions.

22. Task ‘The First Wold War transformed the attitudes of men towards women’. Discuss. Changes of attitude No changes of attitude SourceBrief Explanation SourceBrief Explanation The following table may help you to plan your answer