1. Pyramids, Tombs, and Temples Of Ancient Egypt

2. Pharaohs buried in royal tombs Pharaohs buried in royal tombs Old Kingdom: tombs located inside pyramids Old Kingdom: tombs located inside pyramids Building a pyramid a sign of love & respect for the pharaoh who was a god. Building a pyramid a sign of love & respect for the pharaoh who was a god.

3. Believed pharaoh was moving to the afterlife Believed pharaoh was moving to the afterlife This was a place a lot like Egypt This was a place a lot like Egypt Wanted tombs to be comfortable and beautiful so pharaoh would enjoy the afterlife surrounded by the things he loved. Wanted tombs to be comfortable and beautiful so pharaoh would enjoy the afterlife surrounded by the things he loved.

4. Inside built like a palace with courtyards, storage rooms, halls, and secret passageways. Inside built like a palace with courtyards, storage rooms, halls, and secret passageways. Walls covered with hieroglyphics telling about life of pharaoh. Walls covered with hieroglyphics telling about life of pharaoh. Today, barren --- all had been emptied by thieves when discovered Today, barren --- all had been emptied by thieves when discovered

5. Rooms filled with beautiful statues, clothes, gold plated dishes and eating utensils, games, trinkets, jewelry, furniture, even scrolls for light reading --- anything the pharaoh might want to have on hand for his afterlife Rooms filled with beautiful statues, clothes, gold plated dishes and eating utensils, games, trinkets, jewelry, furniture, even scrolls for light reading --- anything the pharaoh might want to have on hand for his afterlife

6. Most important room: burial chamber Most important room: burial chamber Held the sarcophagus Held the sarcophagus Always cartouche on the sarcophagus Always cartouche on the sarcophagus Egyptians believed if your name did not appear in writing, you would disappear and never reach the afterlife. Egyptians believed if your name did not appear in writing, you would disappear and never reach the afterlife.

7. Building the pyramids provided plenty of jobs for farmers & craftsmen but no pay Building the pyramids provided plenty of jobs for farmers & craftsmen but no pay Work usually done during the annual flood of the Nile as farmers had no work then Work usually done during the annual flood of the Nile as farmers had no work then

8. No machinery; all work done by hand No machinery; all work done by hand Big blocks of stone brought by boat Big blocks of stone brought by boat Dragged into place up huge ramps Dragged into place up huge ramps Mud & water used to slide stones into place Mud & water used to slide stones into place When finished, worked backwards: Put finished smoothing stones on & took ramps down When finished, worked backwards: Put finished smoothing stones on & took ramps down

9. Workers building Half-finished With only pyramid Wood and rope Millions of workers carrying things to entrance The pyramids were made out of limestone They show perfect geometry on the slants

10. From Pyramids to Tombs Even during Old Kingdoms, knew pyramids wouldn’t work Even during Old Kingdoms, knew pyramids wouldn’t work Too easy to find and rob Too easy to find and rob Also cost a lot of money --- economy suffered & people revolted Also cost a lot of money --- economy suffered & people revolted Pharaohs began building royal tombs in secret places Pharaohs began building royal tombs in secret places

11. All pharaohs of the New Kingdom buried in the Valley of the Kings or Valley of the Queens. All pharaohs of the New Kingdom buried in the Valley of the Kings or Valley of the Queens. Exception: Akhenaton (Why?) Exception: Akhenaton (Why?) Pharaohs concentrated on hiding their tombs and the entrances. Pharaohs concentrated on hiding their tombs and the entrances. Even so, only one has been found intact. Even so, only one has been found intact.

12. Temples Just as pyramids & tombs were dwelling places for the souls of the dead, temples were dwelling places for the living & the gods. Just as pyramids & tombs were dwelling places for the souls of the dead, temples were dwelling places for the living & the gods. Each temple built to honor a particular god or goddess Each temple built to honor a particular god or goddess Temples were the heart of each community Temples were the heart of each community

13. Some temples huge and beautiful built in the heart of a major city Some temples huge and beautiful built in the heart of a major city Others small in isolated places, built to honor an obscure deity Others small in isolated places, built to honor an obscure deity The temple was the main part of a huge complex. The Luxor complex was 2 square miles in size. The temple was the main part of a huge complex. The Luxor complex was 2 square miles in size.

14. Gods were loved, not feared Gods were loved, not feared Offerings were brought when people visited the temple, which they did often Offerings were brought when people visited the temple, which they did often School was conducted in the temple complex School was conducted in the temple complex Temple complexes served as guest hotels and meeting places for visiting diplomats Temple complexes served as guest hotels and meeting places for visiting diplomats Temple complexes were the homes of the priests & their families Temple complexes were the homes of the priests & their families Temple complexes provided homes for workmen, farmers, gardeners, administrators, scribes, artists, and craftsmen --- anyone who worked to build & maintain the temple Temple complexes provided homes for workmen, farmers, gardeners, administrators, scribes, artists, and craftsmen --- anyone who worked to build & maintain the temple

15. Temple Plan The 2 large structures on each side of the entrance are called pylons The 2 large structures on each side of the entrance are called pylons Only priests and priestesses were allowed in the sanctuary where the statue of the god was kept. The Egyptians believed that the god lived in his/her statue.