2. Outline 1)Power rates have doubled with EPIRA 2)EPIRA has re-concentrated ownership of the power industry to a few 3)EPIRA legitimized onerous contracts and debts resulting in greater indebtedness and looming rate hikes 4)EPIRA has hostaged our development and industrialization to the whims and profit margins of private industry players.

3. Power rates doubled under EPIRA P4.87 per kWh Before 2001, Meralco residential consumers were paying P4.87 per kWh. Ten years under EPIRA, the average rate increased to P10.35/kWh (112%)

4. EPIRA has hidden the PPA from onerous IPP contracts “The current PPA is allocated between the generation and transmission rates. The generation component shall be periodically updated through the Generation Rate Adjustment Mechanism (GRAM).” -ERC Order dated 30 May 2003, page 9

5. Various pass-on recovery mechanisms push the prices of electricity higher Taxes, systems losses, cross subsidies and universal charges have increased by as much as 50.5 % since the unbundling of rates under EPIRA in 2003 GRAM – NPC Generation Rate Adjustment Mechanism NPC raised its rates twice FPPCA – Fuel and Power Purchase Cost Adjustment (2010) AGRA – Automatic Generation Rate Adjustment ICERA – Incremental Currency Exchange Rate Adjustment FxA – Foreign Exchange Related Cost Adjustments (2010) Deferred recoveries

6. New rate setting mechanisms put consumers at a disadvantage Performance based regulation (PBR) Based on promises of future company performance, operation, costs and capital outlays Consumers paying for something that has not happened yet. 18 distribution utilities applying or under PBR A. MERALCO, Dagupan EC, Cagayan EPLC, B. Mactan Electric, Cotabato LPC, Iligan LPC, Cabanatuan EC C. Tarlac Electric, VECO, Ibaan EEC, La Union EC, Davao LPC D. Angeles EC, San Fernando LPC, Clarck EDC, Subic Enerzone, Bohol Light, Panay EC

7. EPIRA concentrated ownership of the industry to few corporations Only three companies (SMC – 20%, First Gen/Lopez – 17%, Aboitiz – 15%) control 52% of generation capacity. PSALM holds 19% while 11% remain with NPC

8. GenerationTransmissionDistribution San Miguel Corporation (20 %) Henry Sy and partners in the National Grid Corp. of the Philippines Meralco (45 % MPI, 27% SMC, 6 % Lopez) First Gen/Lopez (17 %) Aboitiz (15 %)Aboitiz (Davao Light and Power, VECO, Cotabato Light and Power Company, San Fernando Electric Light & Power Co. Inc., Subic EC, Mactan EC., Balamban EC)

9. WESM: manipulation and volatility in rates High volatility in rates Dominant control in generation can drive speculation in rates From PEMC

10. EPIRA legitimized onerous contracts and debts Psalm shelled out $18 billion from 2001-2010 to settle original $16.39 billion NPC obligations. Yet, total NPC debts remain at $15.82 B in 2010. This is still nearly 33% of the national debts over the years NPC debts (US $ billions) NPC IPP obligationsNPC debts 200110.46 200211.97.4 200313.68.7 200412.96.6 2005127 200611.77.3 200710.97.7 2008106.9 20099.57 Jun-1097.3

11. Proceeds from privatization did not lessen NPC debt burden

12. EPIRA hostaged energy security to private profit-seeking interests Government not allowed to build new plants under EPIRA. Private investors and the IPPs would not build and maintain a plant until it finds it profitable