1. Intro Chemistry Unit 1 Alchemy: Section II

2. Objectives: define the terms element, compound, and aqueous recognize whether a substance is an element or a compound based on its chemical formula or symbol decipher some basic chemical formulas and symbols describe a chemical change or chemical reaction –describe how the organization of the periodic table is based on reactivity and atomic mass –predict the characteristics of a missing element on the periodic table based on its position in the table

3. Objectives: –use the periodic table to identify elements that are metals, nonmetals, metalloids, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition elements, halogens, noble gasses, lanthanides, and actinides –describe the general properties of elements, that are periodic in nature –predict the general properties of an element based on its location on the periodic table and identify elements that will exhibit similar chemical behavior

4. ChemCatalyst Two bottles are on a shelf in a chemistry lab. Both contain a shiny yellow metal. Bottle A is labeled Au(s). Bottle B is labeled FeS 2 (s). 1.What do you think the symbols on the bottles mean? 2.Do you think both bottles contain gold? Why or why not?

5. Elements and Compounds All matter in the universe either is an element or is made of some combination of elements. Element: A unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical processes. Elements serve as the building materials of all matter. Compound: A pure substance that is a chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

6. Chemical Formulas The first letter of an element’s symbol is always uppercase, and if there is a second letter it is always lowercase. Compounds are represented by chemical formulas. Chemical formula: A combination of symbols and subscripts that indicates the number and types of elements in a compound.

7. Phase Some common groupings of elements have their own specific names. Substances come in different physical forms, called phases. Phase: The physical form a substance is in, such as solid, liquid, or gas. Phase is greatly influenced by temperature. Aqueous: A substance is aqueous when it is dissolved in water.

8. Atoms Atoms are the building blocks of matter Smallest particle that still retains the properties of the element

9. Elements Matter consisting of only one type of atom Example: iron

10. Diatomic Elements Some elements exist as pairs in nature. Known as the 7 diatomic elements: BrINClHOF BromineBr 2 IodineI 2 NitrogenN 2 ChlorineCl 2 HydrogenH 2 OxygenO 2 FluorineF 2

11. Molecules Molecules are the smallest unit of a pure substance that retains the properties of the substance Consists of atoms that are linked together by chemical bonds

12. Compounds Substance that contains two or more elements linked together in fixed proportions Example: sodium chloride (table salt) http://cwis.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/modules/water/water.html

13. Pure Substances Matter made of material with uniform and definite composition Have distinct properties Ca n be either elements or compounds

14. Copper Lab

15. Discussion Notes The Copper Cycle

16. Law of Conservation of Mass You could prove that copper was not destroyed by measuring the mass of the copper powder at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Law of conservation of mass: The law states that mass cannot be gained or lost in a chemical reaction–matter cannot be created or destroyed.

17. Check-in Sodium chloride, NaCl (aq), is added to silver nitrate, AgNO 3 (aq), resulting in NaNO 3 (aq) and a white solid. Identify the white solid from the list below. Explain your choice. A. AgCl (s)B. AgCl (aq) C. AgNO 3 (s)D. NaCl (s)

18. Atomic Mass Atomic Mass: The mass of a single atom (or isotope) of an element. Each element has an average atomic mass that is expressed as a decimal number. These are the numbers that appear in the ChemCataylst and also on the Create a Table cards.

19. Atomic Number Atomic Number: The consecutive whole numbers associated with the elements on the periodic table. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the atomic nucleus of an element.

20. Reactivity What is reactivity? Reactivity is a property that describes whether an element or compound will chemically combine with other substances to form compounds and also describes the speed of a reaction. Reactivity information is included on the Create a Table cards.

21. Mendeleyev Mendeleyev organized his periodic table based on the properties of the elements, such as reactivity and atomic mass. Mendeleyev’s arrangement of the elements helped predict the existence and properties of as-yet- undiscovered elements.

22. Check-in Which of these elements would be grouped together on the periodic table? Explain your thinking. cadmium Cd moderately soft, silvery, solid, metal reacts very slowly with water found in CdCl 2 (s) zinc Zn moderately hard, silvery, solid, metal reacts very slowly with water found in ZnCl 2 (s) iodine I purple, solid, nonmetal reacts slowly with metals found in ICl(s) mercury Hg silvery, liquid, metal does not react with water found in HgCl 2 (s)

23. Periodic Table There are horizontal (from left to right) and vertical (from top to bottom) patterns on the periodic table. Grainy shading indicates nonmetals and metalloids, solid shading indicates metals. Darker hues mean more reactivity. A black outline indicates solids, a red outline indicates gases, and a green outline indicates liquids.

24. Periodic Table Vocabulary Related to the Periodic Table Group: A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in a group have similar properties. Period: Horizontal rows on the periodic table. Alkali metals: The elements in Group 1A. Alkaline earth metals: The elements in Group 2A. Halogens: The elements in Group 7A. Noble gases: The elements in Group 8A. They are called “noble” gases because they are not reactive.

25. Periodic Table Main group elements: The elements in Groups 1A to 8A. Transition elements: The elements in Groups 1B to 8B. Lanthanides and actinides: The two rows of 14 elements each that are placed separately at the bottom of the periodic table.

26. Periodic Table Metals: Elements that are excelled conductors of heat and electricity. They generally are shiny and malleable (flexible). They are found to the left of the stair-step line on the periodic table. Nonmetals: Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They generally are dull and brittle. They are found to the right of the stair-step line. Metalloids: The elements between the metals and nonmetals. They are found along the stair-step line.