1. Mr. Thilak de Silva. BSc. Eng., MSc, CEng, FIE(SL), FIET(UK), CITP(UK), MBCS(UK), MIEEE (USA) M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

2.  Networks  Transmission Networks  LTE  Multiplexes M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

3.  At the end of this session you will understand about the Networks, LTEs, Multiplexes and their management systems. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

4.  All new systems has a reference architectures. Reference architecture,  Systems Reference architecture  Functional Reference architecture M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

5. MSBTS HLR GMSCMSCBSS Auc EIR 13 Kbps-164 Kbps-1 Other circuit switched networks

6. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

7.  Including supervisory signals to supervise the end to end line. ▪ Eg:- if a repeater is faulty it should be identified. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012 LTE Fiber Line Repeater

8.  Suitable encoding of bit patterns.  Eg:- Manchester Encoding AMI CMI  Media Conversion (if necessary)  Eg:-Electrical to Optical Conversion M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

10.  All transmission networks terminates at LTE.  Need supervisory signals to monitor the link.  If one link is out of order or if a particular link is having high traffic the LTE finds an alternate link to send data.  This is the management part of the media. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

11.  Graphically represents all the LTEs and respective links between LETs.  Transmission media management can be done in a separate, central location.  This is for fiber optics.  Most of these software are pro-priority. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

13.  Telephone lines are connected to MUX.  Multiplexes are connected directly to LETs.  Logically Muxses forms a separate network but actually data are sent through the LETs. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

14.  Eg:- SDH (ITU-T standard) ▪ SDH includes a management system too.  Theses Multiplexes also has a separate management system, to divert the traffic in a failure of a link, to an alternate link. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

15.  From these two fiber restoration is done immediately. (LTE Restoration)  Only if the fiber is slow, SDH will do the restoration. (Multiplexes Restoration.)  But Fiber management software is expensive and not used in countries like Sri Lanka. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

16.  Similar concept is used in switches.  Physical Layer, SDH layer and switches has separate management systems. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012