2. Logistics for airports:  Flights are usually planned so that shortages of fuel do not come into play.  The logistics officers are thoroughly informed about the present, projected and available fuelling stations.  Airlines cooperate with other humanitarian actors to establish and identify alternative fuel sources.  Most airlines choose not to use those airfields rarely used especially if their distance from operations’ base is big.  Cargo aircraft schedules are issued within an agreed time in advance.  In the case of limited vacant space, the management prioritizes but mainly works on the first come first served basis.  The reservation office makes timely notifications regarding the status of cargo reservation.  There are timely notifications of customers on known delays, change of cargo schedule or cancellations.  The cargo is required to be delivered to the dispatch office an agreed number of days before departure.  Passenger check in is always carried out at the airport unless otherwise informed.  There are check-in deadlines which are put in place.  Stand-by passengers are allocated seats on a first come first served basis.  The passenger lists and tickets are supposed to be ready before start of check-in.

3. Transportation of overnight parcels:  Regular movements which happen on routine are planned on the outset.  Non-routine movements are however planned as the need arises.  The movements are planned by a transport office. It determines the appropriate routing for the parcels and allocate resources. They also inform the destination of the estimated delivery time.  when scheduling and route planning, there should be maximum vehicle payload, maximum utilization, minimum distance and minimum time. It meets customer requirements regarding cost, service and time, also meeting legal requirements.  The parcels are picked up on time as per arrangement on time and space.  During the transportation of the parcels, the transport officers track the vehicle or vessel of transport. They maintain constant contact with the drivers and the clients and update them on the movements. The officers also deal with any issues that arise and manage the transporting staff.  The information flow is critical to ensure the safety of goods.

4. Logistics for timely constant inventory:  An order is first made by the merchandiser. Upon receiving the order, the manufacturer processes the order by calculating the cost of transport, estimating the speed of transportation and evaluating the consistency with which they can supply the merchandiser in terms of the number of trips that require to be taken for transportation.  Then there is warehousing, where the goods are first stored awaiting to be picked for transportation, during this, the goods are properly packaged as per requirement. The whole stage involves material handling. The goods are moved, stored, sorted and assembled to suit the customers’ order requirements. This risks product damage.  Facility network design then comes in to determine the number, location and ownership arrangement. A structure is created from which logistics operations are performed.  Upon the assigned time, the goods are transported from the manufacture’s warehouses to the merchandiser hence ensuring constant inventory delivered in time.

5. Reference Saldanha, J. P. (2006). Choosing the Right Information Coordinating Mechanism for the International Ocean Shipping Process. New York,USA: ProQuest. Simchi-Levi, D. (2007). The Logic of Logistics: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications for Logistics and Supply Chain Managemen. New York,USA: Springer Science & Business Media.