1. Chamber and biometric flux measurments for upscaling C- budgets: NACP Tier 3 Efforts Peter Weishampel Dept. Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota Randy Kolka USDA/Forest Service North Central Research Station

2. Slide Credit: Rich Birdsey Marcell Exp. Forest Chequamegon Nat. Forest

3. Three upland cover types Willow Creek - mature hardwood (Stationary EC) Riley Creek – older clear cut Thunder Creek – younger clear cut (Mobile EC)

4. Four wetland cover types Conifer swamp near WLEF (no EC) South Fork Flambeau - Open bog (Mobile EC) Wilson Flowage - Sedge fen (Mobile EC) Lost-Creek Alder swamp (stationary EC)

5. General Plot Layout  3 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots per site  Plots arranged linearly, upwind from EC tower (more or less)  Our work mostly at the subplot level N 220-370 m 54 m radius

6. Work on FIA Subplots  Soil gas fluxes Short-term CO 2 and CH 4 (~tri- weekly) Long-term CO2 flux (~monthly) Closed chamber CH 4  Biomass/Productivity assessments Biometrics  Measurements of all trees > 2.5 cm and subset of cores  Shrubs, understory, Sphagnum moss (small subplots) Litterfall collections Leaf area – LAI 2000 Specific leaf area, leaf N (model parameterization)  Carbon storage Forest floor. peat, and soil coring and analysis Coarse woody debris transects Respiration flux collar 8 meter radius FIA subplot Sampling boardwalks (wetland plots) Litter basket Gas sampling boardwalks – wetland subplots

7. Instantaneous Soil Respiration Infrared gas analyzer measures CO2 flux from soil at 36 locations per site. Measurements made on FIA-like plots ~ tri-weekly. CO 2 Flux Regression models with soil temperature and moisture help predict soil CO2 flux.

8. Temporal Trends in Measured Soil Respiration Rates – Wetland Sites 2005

9. Temporal Trends in Measured Soil Respiration Rates – Upland Sites 2005

10. New Toy: LI8100 Automated Soil CO2 Flux System Automated system helps establish diurnal profile of CO 2 flux

11. Diurnal profiles of CO 2 flux at Wilson Flowage 5/2-06-5/4/06 5/29/06-6/1/06

12. Methane Fluxes  Static chamber approach  Samples collected from chamber with syringe  Injected into sealed headspace vials  Analyzed by gas chromatography CH 4 sampling at Wilson Flowage (sedge-dominated fen)

13. 2005 Methane Fluxes – Wetland Sites

14. 2005 Methane flux at Wilson Flowage >> than other sites

15. 2005 Methane Flux – Upland Sites

16. Relevance of Methane Virtually imperceptible in terms of the total soil carbon flux Considering that CH 4 is 25- 30x more effective at trapping heat than CO 2, CH4 is still important to the greenhouse gas picture

17. Questions?