2. Scientific Advancements and the Second Industrial Revolution Modern World History 10 2009-2010 Androstic

3. 73. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and Charles Darwin in the 19 th century. Louis Pasteur Proposed the germ theory of disease – diseases are caused by microorganisms Also created Pasteurization, which slows microbial growth in food

4. 73. Identify the accomplishments of Louis Pasteur and Charles Darwin in the 19 th century. Charles Darwin Proposed theories of evolution and natural selection Suggested that animals with traits enabling survival reproduce, and slowly develop into a new species

6. 74. Compare the accomplishments of the Industrial Revolution with the Second Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution gave rise to textiles, railroads, iron and coal industries. The Second Industrial Revolution was highlighted by steel, chemicals, electricity and petroleum use.

8. 75. Explain how the invention of electricity contributed to the Second Industrial Revolution. Why was electricity important to the Second Industrial Revolution? easily converted into other forms of energy moved easily through wires power stations and generators could produce power to supply many led to new inventions that harnessed its power

9. 76. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo Marconi. Samuel Morse: Invented the telegraph telegraph used clicks on an electric circuit to send a coded message along wire

10. 76. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo Marconi. Alexander Graham Bell: Created with inventing the telephone Spoken messages sent across wire…duh!

11. 76. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo Marconi. Thomas Edison: Credited with inventing the light bulb

12. 76. Identify the inventions of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Samuel Morse, and Guglielmo Marconi. Guglielmo Marconi: Developed wireless telegraphy Sent radio waves wirelessly across the Atlantic Ocean

13. 77. Identify on a map the industrialized and agrarian regions of Europe.

14. 84. Compare socialism to capitalism.

15. CapitalismCommunism FounderAdam SmithKarl Marx BooksThe Wealth of Nations The Communist Manifesto Das Kapital

16. CapitalismCommunism View of Government Government should not interfere with economy: laissez-faire Everything is owned by the government Government closely regulates the economy (sets prices, tells factories what to make, etc.)

17. View of people:People become wealthy because they offer a good or service that people want to buy People should cooperate to achieve success, no competition Everyone should have an equal share of the wealth/property

18. How to improve social conditions? If people work hard enough, they can lift themselves out of poverty Government ownership of the economy will end hunger, poverty, and slave-like working conditions “From each according to their abilities to each according to their needs”

19. Individual Freedoms People are free to choose their own careers Freedom of religion Freedom is more important than security Government determines job placement Religion is the “opiate of the masses” and should be done away with Sacrifice freedom for security

20. On the futureCapitalism is the only efficient economic system “It’s not perfect, but it’s the best we can do” Capitalism will destroy itself Workers will eventually rise up in a violent revolution and take power The future of the world is communism

21. 78. Compare socialism to capitalism. Capitalism Free enterprise Laissez faire Social Darwinism Class system Socialism Government control of industry No class system “Each according to their ability, each according to their need.”

22. Rise of Socialism Robert Owen: Set up ideal working community called “New Harmony.” Workers worked less, children were taken care of while parents worked… productivity and profits increased.

23. 79. Explain Marx’s theory on how a communist state would be set up. revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie proletariat sets up a dictatorship to organize industry as industry is organized, society would eventually fade into a classless system slowly gov’t leadership would dwindle away as it became unnecessary

24. 80. Recognize the impact of trade unions to the Second Industrial Revolution. go on strike to force better conditions and treatment by owners fought for better pay and hours, safer conditions, and the right to collective bargaining (negotiation between owners and union workers)

25. 87. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism.

26. 81. Explain the philosophy of social Darwinism. proposed by Herbert Spencer suggested “survival of the fittest” in economics some people are better equipped to earn wealth others are not fit, and will remain poor

27. Economics David Ricardo “The Iron Law of Wages” Workers should be paid only enough to survive If they make more money, they will have more children, become poor & die off from starvation

28. Iron Law of Wages…continued Workers should be satisfied with their wages, because they are at a “natural level” Workers should be satisfied with their wages, because they are at a “natural level” Ricardo’s ideas lead many to the conclusion that people are poor because of some personal flaw in their character Ricardo’s ideas lead many to the conclusion that people are poor because of some personal flaw in their character

29. 82. Identify the accomplishments of Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, and Sigmund Freud. Marie Curie: -Discovered radium, and ushered in the “nuclear age”

30. 82. Identify the accomplishments of Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, and Sigmund Freud. Albert Einstein: Developed the theory of relativity, suggesting matter, space and time are interconnected, and affect each other

31. 82. Identify the accomplishments of Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, and Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud: Freud developed the method of psychoanalysis, by which a therapist could work with a patient to discover unconscious memories that affected the patient’s life