1. MICHELLE WHEELER KEYSTONE COLLEGE SEPTEMBER 18, 2008 Curly Pondweed Potamogeton crispus L.

2. Identification Leaf: Alternate, all submersed, no leaf stalks. oblong, stiff, translucent leaves (4-10 cm long, 5-10 mm wide) have distinctly wavy edges with fine teeth and 3 main veins, sheaths (stipules) up to 1 cm long are free of the leaf base and disintegrate with age. Stem: branched, up to 90 cm long, somewhat flattened. Flower: Tiny, with 4 petal-like lobes, in spikes 1-3 cm long on stalks up to 7 cm long. Fruit: Seed-like achene, 4-6 mm long including 2-3 mm beak, back ridged.

3. Taxonomy Kingdom: Plantae – Plants Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class: Liliopsida – Monocotyledons Order: Najadales Family: Potamogetonacease – Pondweed family Genus: Potamogeton L. – pondweed Species: Potamogeton crispus L. – curly pondweed

4. Distribution

5. Noxious Weed! Washington Connecticut Maine Massachusetts Vermont Alabama

6. Origin's From: Europe, Africa, and Australia.

7. Affects Can form dense mats at the water surface  shading out native vegetation  creating problems for recreation

8. Controls Prevention – Avoid excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the pond water. Mechanical Control - Can be removed by raking or cutting, especially in the spring before seeds appear above the water. Biological Controls - Grass carp can be used to control curly leaf pondweed since it is one of their favorite food. Chemical Controls - Herbicide treatments: Aquathol-K, Hydrothol 191, Komeen.

9. References http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/XH0025.pd f http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/XH0025.pd f http://water.cas.psu.edu/147.htm http://www.great-lakes.net/envt/flora- fauna/invasive/pondweed.html http://www.great-lakes.net/envt/flora- fauna/invasive/pondweed.html http://plants.usda.gov/java/county?state_name=Pe nnsylvania&statefips=42&symbol=POCR3 http://plants.usda.gov/java/county?state_name=Pe nnsylvania&statefips=42&symbol=POCR3

10. Any Questions?