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1 High-order coronagraphic phase diversity: demonstration of COFFEE on SPHERE. B.Paul 1,2, J-F Sauvage 1, L. Mugnier 1, K. Dohlen 2, D. Mouillet 3, T. Fusco 1,2, J.-L. Beuzit 3, M. Ferrari 2, M. N’Diaye 4 1 Onera, DOTA/HRA 2 Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille 3 Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble 4 Space Telescope Science Institute 1
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Outline Context: high-contrast imaging Principle of COFFEE COFFEE's optimization & performance evaluation Application to the SPHERE instrument 2
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Context: XAO for high-contrast imaging High contrast needs for exoplanet imaging Today: Angular separations from 0.1 to arcsec (a few /D to 100 /D) Contrast up to 10 6 - 10 7 Observation made from the ground (turbulence) Tomorrow: Angular separations below 0.1 arcsec Contrast up to 10 9 - 10 10 (Earth like planets) Ground / space observations 3 Limitation: Light residuals in final focal plane created by quasi-static aberrations (Non Common Path Aberrations) Solution : focal plane wavefront sensing with the scientific detector
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4 Upstream aberrations ( ϕ u ) i( ϕ u, ϕ d ) i( ϕ u + ϕ div, ϕ d ) Diversity phase ( ϕ div ) COFFEE : phase diversity using coronagraphic images (1/2) Coronagraphic imaging system Coronagraphic focal plane mask Downstream aberrations ( ϕ d ) + One image: not enough data Two images: OK Image formation model Coronagraphic phase diversity: Uses only two images to estimate the aberrations upstream of the coronagraph Rely on a coronagraphic image formation model: i c ( ϕ u, ϕ d ) = Model( ϕ u, ϕ d ) Pupil plane Detector
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COFFEE : phase diversity using coronagraphic images (2/2) COFFEE: COronagraphic Focal-plane wave-Front Estimator for Exoplanet detection Estimation of aberrations upstream ( ϕ u ) and downstream ( ϕ d ) of the coronagraph by criterion J minimization « Maximum Likelihood »: Distance experimental images / computed images Regularization metrics: A priori information on the parameters J.-F. Sauvage, L. Mugnier, B. Paul et R. Villecroze, Coronagraphic phase diversity: a simple focal plane sensor for high-contrast imaging, Optics Letter, Dec. 2012 5 Definition of a maximum a posteriori criterion:
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Aberration estimation: pixel map Estimation of high-order aberration Reduction of the aliasing error Aberration estimation: Zernike modes Estimation of low-order aberrations only Strong aliasing error Model : electric field propagation No model mismatch Can be adapted to any coronagraphic focal plane mask M (ALC, FQPM, VPM…) COFFEE's optimization (1/3) Adaptation to any coronagraphic device 6 Estimation of high-order aberrations Model : perfect coronagraph model Model mismatch Application to the apodized Roddier & Roddier coronagraph only 100 parameters > 3.10 3 parameters SPIE 2012 AO4ELT3 2013 B. Paul, J.-F. Sauvage et L. M. Mugnier, Coronagraphic phase diversity: performance study and laboratory demonstration, A&A, April 2013
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COFFEE's optimization (2/3) : performance evaluation Aberration estimation: simulation Coronagraph: ALC (4,52 λ/D); Lyot Stop = 100% WFE up = 50 nm ; WFE down = 20 nm (λ = 1589 nm, monochromatic images) Incoming flux: 1e9 photons ; detector noise: σ e- = 1 e-; photon noise No residual turbulence up i foc i div ε rec = 1.71 nm RMS Simulation Estimation Image computation up COFFEE: aberration estimation Image computation
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Pseudo-closed loop: simulation Coronagraph: ALC; Lyot Stop = 96% WFE up = 50 nm ; WFE down = 20 nm (λ = 1589 nm, monochromatic images) DM: 41x41 actuators Incoming flux: 1e9 photons ; detector noise: σ e- = 1 e-; photon noise No residual turbulence No compensation After NCPA compensation 8 COFFEE’s optimization(3/3) : NCPA compensation No compensation After NCPA compensation 10 -0 10 -3 10 -4 10 -1 10 -2 10 -5 10 -6 10 -7 Contrast
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COFFEE : validation on SPHERE (1/5) Coronagraph : ALC (d M = 4.5 λ/D) Coronagraphic images : IRDIS Diversity phase : AO loop COFFEE : 9 Dead actuator 9 COFFEE Rec. images Calibration Point-Source, H band XAO system, 41 act, 1200Hz IRDIS imager, H2 band, ALC Stop Coronagraph ALC (incl. Apodizer) Exp. images
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Defocus Astigmatism IRDIS Coronagraphic image computed by COFFEE Estimated aberration 10 COFFEE : validation on SPHERE (2/5) Low order aberration estimation : Zernike modes Wavelength : 1589 nm Coronagraph : APO1 / ALC2 Lyot Stop : Stop ALC (96% entrance pupil + 15% central obstruction) 10
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11 High order aberration estimation : poke Wavelength : 1589 nm Coronagraph : APO1 / ALC2 Lyot Stop : Stop ALC (96% entrance pupil + 15% central obstruction) COFFEE : validation on SPHERE (3/5) Introduced poke Estimated poke
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12 COFFEE : validation on SPHERE (4/5) Pseudo – closed loop process Closed loop on initial reference slopes Acquisition of two images i foc, i div Measurment of u and d COFFEE From u, computation off correction slopes Modification of reference slopes Wavelength : 1589 nm Coronagraph : apodized Lyot coronagraph (d M = 4.5 λ/D) Lyot Stop : Stop ALC (96% entrance pupil + 15% central obstruction) Gain = 0.5
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COFFEE : validation on SPHERE (5/5) First validation of the compensation process: 13 No compensation After NCPA compensation (5 iterations) Energy decrease Contrast : gain x2 – x5 Energy increase 10 -4 10 -5 10 -6 Contrast
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COFFEE’s optimization: Estimation of a pixel-wise map New imaging model: Adaptation to any coronagraphic mask M Application to SPHERE : Estimation of introduced aberration First experimental validation of the compensation process Conclusion & Perspectives 14 COFFEE : application of the phase diversity to coronagraphic images Perspectives COFFEE: full validation of iterative process on SPHERE Combination with ZELDA for a SPHERE upgrade (K. Dohlen talk, Thu. 14h) Ultimate extinction Creation of a dark hole on the detector Impact of a segmented mirror => refined cophasing
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15 …. Thanks for your attention !
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