2. Ice Age/Stone Age ended at same time: c. 8,000 B.C. The climate of the earth changed and became warmer Warmer weather brings the birth of farming Plants and animals prospered and food supply increased Ppl able to stay in one place (no longer nomads) The birth of farming marks the end of the Old Stone Age and brought about the New Stone Age The New Stone Age will last for about 5,000 years

3. Began around 8,000 B.C.; marked the true beginning of civilization Ppl began to domesticate animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle Provided them with milk, meat, and hides Animals were also used to work and hunt

4. The birth of farming and domestication of animals helped village life Ppl were no longer nomadic They could build permanent shelters They learned to cultivate the land Types of housing depended on materials available Wood or clay bricks were common Rivers were very important for water and transportation (this is a theme we will see again and again…)

5. Catal Huyuk was a village found in present-day Turkey Homes were built close to one another Ppl got around by climbing up and down ladders and across roofs Entered homes through openings in roofs Inside homes, there was very little light Courtyards were centers of culture and socialization Shrines were religious centers This is where they worshipped their gods Decorations were bright and colorful to note their importance

6. Ppl were beginning to specialize, or be trained to do particular jobs, in villages This was a huge turning point in early civilizations People have learned unique skills Weavers provide villages with clothing Farmers provided villagers with food Artisans, or craftworkers, provided villagers with new tools or technology, such as obsidian knives All of these unique skills lead to trade beginning in villages

7. Technology advances in big ways in the New Stone Age Remember, civilizations always improve upon and make new technology, based on older civilizations Pottery was becoming a new form of technology Woven baskets were being replaced by clay pots and bowls Pottery was a difficult skill to learn