1. Freud’s Psychoanalytical Approach:

2. found the unconscious using hypnosis found the unconscious using hypnosis used Free Association used Free Association produced a chain of thought leading into a patient’s mind and unconscious produced a chain of thought leading into a patient’s mind and unconscious retrieved and released “painful” memories retrieved and released “painful” memories called the process psychoanalysis called the process psychoanalysis Conscious awareness is what we know Conscious awareness is what we know Unconscious is hidden – like memories, feelings, wishes Unconscious is hidden – like memories, feelings, wishes could store some in the ‘preconscious’ where we can retrieve them at will could store some in the ‘preconscious’ where we can retrieve them at will

3. Personality arises from a conflict between our aggressive, pleasure-seeking biological impulses and the social restraints against them arises from a conflict between our aggressive, pleasure-seeking biological impulses and the social restraints against them personality is the results from efforts to resolve the conflict personality is the results from efforts to resolve the conflict to do so in ways that bring satisfaction without also bringing guilt or punishment to do so in ways that bring satisfaction without also bringing guilt or punishment conflict centers on three interacting systems conflict centers on three interacting systems id, ego, superego id, ego, superego ID – pleasure principle ID – pleasure principle EGO – reality principle EGO – reality principle Superego – moral/value principle – how we ought to behave Superego – moral/value principle – how we ought to behave personality develops in the first few years of life personality develops in the first few years of life done during the psychosexual stages of development when the ID’s pleasure-seeking principles focus on pleasure-sensitive areas of the body done during the psychosexual stages of development when the ID’s pleasure-seeking principles focus on pleasure-sensitive areas of the body

4. StageWhenFocus Oral 0-18 months On mouth – sucking, biting, chewing Anal 18-36 months On bowel/bladder – coping with control of them Phallic 3-6 years Pleasure zone = genitals and gender identity Latency 6- puberty Repressed/redirected sexual feelings Genital Puberty on Maturation of sexual interests Q: is learning centered on childhood or is it life long?

5. Defense Mechanisms: to live in society, we can not act out our impulses/dreams/wishes to live in society, we can not act out our impulses/dreams/wishes when the ego fears losing control of the inner battle between the id and s.ego the result is anxiety when the ego fears losing control of the inner battle between the id and s.ego the result is anxiety the ego uses defense mechanisms to cope with anxiety the ego uses defense mechanisms to cope with anxiety Repression – pushes the thoughts/feelings into our unconscious Repression – pushes the thoughts/feelings into our unconscious Regression – fall back to an earlier stage of development Regression – fall back to an earlier stage of development Reaction Formation – ego makes an impulse it’s opposite – I hate him become I love him Reaction Formation – ego makes an impulse it’s opposite – I hate him become I love him Displacement – impulses are taken out on a “more appropriate” object ex. The family pet Displacement – impulses are taken out on a “more appropriate” object ex. The family pet