2. The Great Depression Difficult Times for America

3. What was the Great Depression? A worldwide economic crisis A worldwide economic crisis The crash of the stock market The crash of the stock market The failure of banks and businesses The failure of banks and businesses America’s worst period of unemployment America’s worst period of unemployment A nightmare for the American Dream A nightmare for the American Dream A time of poverty and despair A time of poverty and despair

4. Stock Market Crash October 24, 1929 October 24, 1929 Black Thursday Black Thursday Panic Panic Too many had gambled by borrowing to buy stock Too many had gambled by borrowing to buy stock Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the beginning of the Great Depression Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the beginning of the Great Depression

5. Causes of the Great Depression Industries using machinery produced surpluses of goods Industries using machinery produced surpluses of goods Low salaries prevented many from buying goods Low salaries prevented many from buying goods Farmers had bad years and had to borrow money from banks Farmers had bad years and had to borrow money from banks Huge farm surpluses caused a drop in prices and losses to farmers Huge farm surpluses caused a drop in prices and losses to farmers Import tariffs discouraged trade with foreign countries Import tariffs discouraged trade with foreign countries

6. The Crash Continues Banks failed Banks failed Factories closed Factories closed Stores closed Stores closed Crop prices fell Crop prices fell Jobs disappeared Jobs disappeared Homes were lost Homes were lost

7. Some of the Statistics In 1931, 800 banks failed in 2 months In 1931, 800 banks failed in 2 months In 1932 over 30,000 companies closed In 1932 over 30,000 companies closed Black unemployment rose to 56 % in 1932 Black unemployment rose to 56 % in 1932 By 1933 salaries fell 40% and hourly wages fell 60% By 1933 salaries fell 40% and hourly wages fell 60% By 1935, 10 to 20 thousand children under the age of 10 worked in mills or on farms By 1935, 10 to 20 thousand children under the age of 10 worked in mills or on farms

8. People in the Depression Evictions Evictions Hunger Hunger Malnutrition Malnutrition Disease Disease Hobos Hobos Breadlines Breadlines

9. Sometimes Homeless and Hungry Sometimes Homeless and Hungry

10. Sometimes in a Hooverville Home Sometimes in a Hooverville Home

11. Sometimes Unable to Find Work

12. Sometimes Persevering

13. Sometimes Content

14. Sometimes Laughing

15. Sometimes Enduring

16. How Did the Great Depression End? Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt Discontent with Herbert Hoover Discontent with Herbert Hoover Voters elected Roosevelt to the presidency in 1932 Voters elected Roosevelt to the presidency in 1932

17. How Did the Great Depression End? Roosevelt and advisors created the New Deal Roosevelt and advisors created the New Deal Relief and recovery Relief and recovery Public works programs funded by government Public works programs funded by government Provided thousands of jobs Provided thousands of jobs

18. How Did the Great Depression End? World War II 1941 World War II 1941 Increased demand for American goods Increased demand for American goods The end of the Great Depression The end of the Great Depression

19. Bibliography and Credits Photographs and posters are courtesy of the American Memory Collection of the Library of Congress Photographs and posters are courtesy of the American Memory Collection of the Library of Congress Bigger, Margaret G., ed. The Great Depression—How We Coped, Worked and Played. A. Borough Books: Charlotte, NC, 2001. Bigger, Margaret G., ed. The Great Depression—How We Coped, Worked and Played. A. Borough Books: Charlotte, NC, 2001. Farrell, Jacqueline. The Great Depression. World History Series. Lucent Books: San Diego, 1996. Farrell, Jacqueline. The Great Depression. World History Series. Lucent Books: San Diego, 1996.

20. continued Gerdes, Louise I, ed. The 1930s. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 2000. Gerdes, Louise I, ed. The 1930s. Greenhaven Press: San Diego, 2000. McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression: America, 1929—1941. Times Books: New York, 1984. McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression: America, 1929—1941. Times Books: New York, 1984. Mulvey, Deb, ed. ‘We Had Everything But Money.’ Reminisce Books: Greendale, WI, 1992. Mulvey, Deb, ed. ‘We Had Everything But Money.’ Reminisce Books: Greendale, WI, 1992.

21. Links to More Information History of the Great Depression http://www.usembassy.de/usa/history- depression.htm History of the Great Depression http://www.usembassy.de/usa/history- depression.htm http://www.usembassy.de/usa/history- depression.htm http://www.usembassy.de/usa/history- depression.htm

22. Links The New Deal http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch10.ht m http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/index.html The New Deal http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch10.ht m http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/index.html http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch10.ht m http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/index.html http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/history/ch10.ht m http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/index.html Fireside chats http://www.mhrcc.org/fdr/fdr.html Fireside chats http://www.mhrcc.org/fdr/fdr.html http://www.mhrcc.org/fdr/fdr.html

23. Links Banking Banking http://www.fdic.gov/about/learn/learning/whe n/1930s.html http://www.fdic.gov/about/learn/learning/whe n/1930s.html

24. Links Dust Bowl Dust Bowl http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/

25. Links Hobos http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/index. html Hobos http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/index. html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/index. html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/index. html

26. Links Hoovervilles http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/les son_19/hooverville.html Hoovervilles http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/les son_19/hooverville.html http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/les son_19/hooverville.html http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/les son_19/hooverville.html http://www.historylink.org/galleries/nowthen/hoover.htm http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/strip/strip_n24.ht ml http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episode6/topic1/e6_t1_s 3-hv.html http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/strip/strip_n24.ht ml http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episode6/topic1/e6_t1_s 3-hv.html http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/strip/strip_n24.ht ml http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episode6/topic1/e6_t1_s 3-hv.html http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/strip/strip_n24.ht ml http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episode6/topic1/e6_t1_s 3-hv.html

27. Links Bungalows Bungalows http://www.sos.state.mi.us/history/museum/ explore/museums/hismus/1900- 75/depressn/bungradi.html http://www.sos.state.mi.us/history/museum/ explore/museums/hismus/1900- 75/depressn/bungradi.html

28. Links Music, Arts, Fashion, etc. Music, Arts, Fashion, etc. http://kclibrary.nhmccd.edu/decade30.html http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/new_d eal_for_the_arts/index.html http://kclibrary.nhmccd.edu/decade30.html http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/new_d eal_for_the_arts/index.html

29. Links Movies http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/FILM/filmfr.html Movies http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/FILM/filmfr.html http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/FILM/filmfr.html http://www.reelclassics.com/Actresses/Shirley/shirle y.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Movies/GWTW/GWTW. htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Movies/MrSmith/mrsmit h.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Actresses/Shirley/shirle y.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Movies/GWTW/GWTW. htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Movies/MrSmith/mrsmit h.htm

30. Links Movies continued http://www.reelclassics.com/Teams/Fred&Gin ger/fred&ginger7.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Musicals/Wizoz/ wizoz.htm http://www.filmsite.org/snow.html Movies continued http://www.reelclassics.com/Teams/Fred&Gin ger/fred&ginger7.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Musicals/Wizoz/ wizoz.htm http://www.filmsite.org/snow.html http://www.reelclassics.com/Teams/Fred&Gin ger/fred&ginger7.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Musicals/Wizoz/ wizoz.htm http://www.filmsite.org/snow.html http://www.reelclassics.com/Teams/Fred&Gin ger/fred&ginger7.htm http://www.reelclassics.com/Musicals/Wizoz/ wizoz.htm http://www.filmsite.org/snow.html

31. Links Radio http://www.radiohof.org/musicvariety/katesmi th.html Radio http://www.radiohof.org/musicvariety/katesmi th.html http://www.radiohof.org/musicvariety/katesmi th.html http://www.radiohof.org/musicvariety/katesmi th.html http://www.radiohof.org/adventuredrama/sha dow.html http://www.radiohof.org/adventuredrama/sha dow.html http://members.aol.com/jeff1070/wotw.html

32. Links Comics Comics http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/PRINT/co mic/cartoon.html http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/PRINT/co mic/cartoon.html

33. Links Breadlines Breadlines http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episo de6/topic1/e6_t1_s2-bl.html http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/laic/episo de6/topic1/e6_t1_s2-bl.html

34. The End