1. The Nazis In Power CULTURE AND CONTROL; YOUTH AND WOMEN IN NAZI GERMANY How did the Nazis consolidate their control of Germany through their manipulation of culture, youth and women

2. Nazi Control: Key Terms Third Reich: The Nazi Empire under Hitler Goebbels: Nazi Minister for Enlightenment and Culture Propaganda and mass Communications Himmler: Head of SS and German Police SS: Special Nazi Units – very loyal to Hitler Waffen SS: SS Death squads Gestapo: Secret State Police Labour Front: Nazi organisation of the workforce Hitler Youth League/ League of German Maidens: Compulsory Nazi youth groups Joseph Goebbels Heinrich Himmler

3. Control 1: Dealing with opposition Read pp 274-5 and complete the table below on a double page in your book OpponentReason for Opposing the Nazis ActionsHow the Nazis reacted to this opponent Was the Nazi Action Effective? Trades Unionists p277 Political Opponents p277 Youthful Opponents: The ‘Swing’ movement and the ‘Edelweis Pirates’ p285 Church Leaders p279 Army Officers p278 Include: Himmler, SS, Gestapo, Police and Courts, Concentration Camps, Economic Fear, Jobs as rewards/punishments, Propaganda, Concordat, Martin Neimoller, Deitrich Bonhoffer

4. Control 1: Dealing with opposition Read pp 274-5 and complete the table below on a double page in your book OpponentReason for Opposing the Nazis ActionsHow the Nazis reacted to this opponent Was the Nazi Action Effective? Trades Unionists p277 Political Opponents p277 Youthful Opponents: The ‘Swing’ movement and the ‘Edelweis Pirates’ p285 Church Leaders p279 Army Officers p278 Include: Himmler, SS, Gestapo, Police and Courts, Concentration Camps, Economic Fear, Jobs as rewards/punishments, Propaganda, Concordat, Martin Neimoller, Deitrich Bonhoffer Communists and democrats Protests, plots and rallies Arrest, internment and execution Largely, but opposition went underground ‘Swing’ movement inlfuenced by Jazz were unwilling to conform to Nazi values. Edelweis – hated Nazi ideas Sung anti-Nazi songs, Attacked Hitler Youth, Organised rebellions Supported workers rights and democracy Organised strikes and rallies Arrested, Incarcerated in Concentration camps or executed Yes Confused reaction. Some arrested or killed No Martin Niemoller and Dietrich Bonhoffer Alternative Church, Plot to kill Hitler N – imprisoned B – imprisoned/ executed Yes – both silenced and killed Feared Hitler losing war July Bomb Plot - 1944 Killed the plottersYes

5. Control 2: Nazi “Culture” Read pp 280-283 Create a concept map: Spider diagram explaining HOW the Nazis controlled popular culture in Nazi Germany. Include: Propaganda, Goebbels, Rallies, Nuremberg, Nazi Youth,Posters, Olympic showcase, Media control, Mein Kampf, Censorship, Public Address Systems, Radio, Cinema, Education, Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews), Fear Read Sources 20 and 22 (p 282 and p283). Explain how and why the views of the authors differ. How effectively did the Nazis control German culture. Explain your answer.

6. Did young people support the Nazis? Read pp 283-285 1.Why did Hitler think it so important to ‘capture’ young minds? (Source 25, p 283) 2.How did the Nazis control schools and Education (p283). Take examples from the sources. 3.How important was the Nazi Youth movement? (p284) 4.How much opposition did the Nazis face from young people? 5.Describe the ‘swing’ movement and the Edelweis Pirates. What does the existence of these groups tell us about the extent of Nazi control.

7. Women in Nazi Germany Read pp 285-6 1.What roles did Hitler envisage for women in Nazi Germany? 2.What did the Nazi’s mean by “The traditional balance between men and women”? 3.Outline the role of the ‘German Maiden’s League’. 4.HW: Write short biographies of two or three famous German women during the Nazi period. Gertrude Scholz-Klink Leni Riefenstahl

8. How did Hitler and the Nazis consolidate power through culture, youth and women? Propaganda and Culture (pp 280-81) Young people and the Nazi Youth Movement (pp 283-5) Women in Nazi Germany (pp 286-7) In groups of 3-4, prepare a short presentation about how Hitler and the Nazis tried to shape life, attitudes and society with reference to ONE of the above groups/factors.

9. HW: How did Hitler and the Nazis consolidate power through culture, youth and women? Propaganda and Culture (pp 280-82) Young people and the Nazi Youth Movement (pp 283-5) Women in Nazi Germany (pp 286-7) Goebbels Nuremburg Rallies Hitler’s personality cult Mein Kampf Rallies and Parades Posters Cinema 1936 Olympics Newspapers Censorship Promotion of “traditional values” Promoting ideology of the master race Anti-semitism Hitler Youth Rallies Marches Camps School curriculum Control over teachers and youth leaders Sport Youth oriented films, posters and propaganda Eidelweis pirates Swing movement Opposition Male dominance and traditional values Women as wives and mothers ‘Gold Cross’ The German Maidens League Propaganda aimed at women Encouraging higher birth- rate Leni Reifenstahl Gertrude Scholz-Klink

10. When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, he appointed Scholtz-Klink as Reich's Women's Führerin and head of the Nazi Women's League. A good orator, her main task was to promote male superiority, the joys of home labour and the importance of child-bearing. In one speech, she pointed out that "the mission of woman is to minister in the home and in her profession to the needs of life from the first to last moment of man's existence." Despite her own position, Scholtz-Klink spoke against the participation of women in politics, and took the female politicians in Germany of the Weimar Republic as a bad example, saying, "Anyone who has seen the Communist and Social Democratic women scream on the street and the parliament, realize that such an activity is not something which is done by a true woman". She claimed that for a woman to be involved in politics, she would either have to "become like a man", which would "shame her sex", or "behave like a woman", which would prevent her from achieving anything. Gertrude Scholz-Klink

11. Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl (22 August 1902 – 8 September 2003) was a German film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, photographer, actress and dancer widely known for directing the Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will. Riefenstahl’s prominence in the Third Reich, along with her personal association with Adolf Hitler, destroyed her film career following Germany's defeat in World War II, after which she was arrested but released without any charges. Triumph of the Will gave Riefenstahl instant and lasting international fame, as well as infamy. She directed eight films, two of which received significant coverage outside Germany. The propaganda value of her films made during the 1930s repels most modern commentators, but many film histories cite the aesthetics as outstanding. The Economist wrote that Triumph of the Will "sealed her reputation as the greatest female filmmaker of the 20th century". Leni Riefenstahl