1. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development Introduction to Server-Side Web Development using JSP and Web Services JSP and Web Services 18 th March 2005 Bogdan L. Vrusias b.vrusias@surrey.ac.uk

2. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20052 Introduction The first revolution with the Internet was all about delivering information to people. We are now in the second revolution, which focuses on delivering information to systems. XML is the tool that makes this new revolution a reality, and Web services are the methods with which businesses will drive system-to- system communication.

3. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20053 Contents What is a Web service. Tools and APIs for developing a Web service. Basic Web Service Process Advantages and disadvantages of Web services.

4. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20054 What is a Web Service? Simply: A web service is a product in the form of a reusable function build by one company that is exposed on the Internet for another company to use. Web service is a remote Internet service that’s capable of sending and receiving data over an HTTP network within a well defined XML package. Using a Web service can be as simple as logging into a Web site or as complex as facilitating a multi-organisational business negotiation. The practical reason to build a web service is to permit businesses to provide small, reusable, and self-describing computing methods to each other.

5. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20055 Characteristics of a Web Service I The data representation model is XML based. They are accessible using standard Internet protocols such as HTTP or SMTP. The user of a Web service is not tied to that Web service directly (loosely coupled). Ability to be synchronous or asynchronous. The clients can call methods, procedures, and functions on remote objects, through the Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs).

6. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20056 Characteristics of a Web Service II They are distributed. They can centralise to a single source. A single Web service is NOT a full application. A Web service can be self-describing. Web services support the transparent exchange of documents to facilitate business integration.

7. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20057 The basic building blocks To support the "standardisation" of Web services, various technologies have evolved. These, are vendor and language independent: –(XML) –SOAP –WSDL –UDDI

8. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20058 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) W3C specification says: –"SOAP is a lightweight protocol for exchange of information in a decentralised, distributed environment. It is an XML based protocol that consists of three parts: an envelop that defines a framework for describing what is in a message and how to process it, a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined datatypes, and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses." SOAP is a protocol used for transferring queries and responses used by a Web service. SOAP has three parts: –A self-described envelop in which a message is contained. –A set of encoding rules to define special Web service-defined data types. –Rules for describing the exposed methods of a Web service. Security issues (SSL, encryption)

9. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 20059 WSDL (Web Service Description Language) WSDL is an XML-formatted language for describing Web services: –Defines the service –Defines the set of operations on the server –Defines the format of the client invocations –Similar to Java interfaces WSDL describes what the contents of the SOAP message sent from the client should be; and the sent back message. WSDL has the ability to describe a Web service in a standard way.

10. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200510 Service Management Initiatives UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) –UDDI is a distributed directory that allows businesses to list themselves on the Internet. –Businesses can access UDDI either through a Web interface or through automated programming methods. ebXML (e-business XML) –ebXML is a specification for standardising XML globally to aid in trade between organisations of any size. –It provides a standard method to exchange business messages written in XML. UDDI Vs ebXML –ebXML is design to be a complete business-to-business solution while UDDI focuses on serving as a simple index and a place for companies to integrate Web services relative to each other.

11. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200511 Basic Web Service Process Register – The service provider registers its services with a UDDI registry. Enquire – The client looks up the service from the UDDI registry. Describe – The client obtains a description of the various methods and parameter types from the service provider in the form of WSDL. Communicate – The client invokes the Web service using SOAP, and the service sends a SOAP response back to the client. CLIENT UDDI Repository WEB SERVICE Register Enquire Describe Communicate

12. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200512 Java APIs AXIS (Apache eXtensive Interaction System) (…used to be Apache SOAP) SAAJ (SOAP with Attachments API for Java) JAX-RPC (Java API for XML-based RPC) JAXM (Java API for XML Messaging) JAXR (Java API for XML Registries) JWSDL (Java API for WSDL) …

13. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200513 Advantages Logic can be broken down into smaller reusable pieces of code. The code can be used by many different applications. The code can be registered so that many different organisations can use a single Web service. Web services can describe themselves to the world through special registries. Standalone protocols, APIs, and tools are evolving to allow programmers to build and access Web services.

14. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200514 Disadvantages You need to create another software tier to utilise Web services. Accessing Web services over the Internet causes both security and speed concerns for an application designer. Web services are new within the programming community. Automated tools that support Web services are currently young and few. Unlike XML, which has the W3C to control and define XML, currently no single organisation exists to define the nature of a Web service.

15. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200515 A Warning Due to the current constantly changing nature of Web services, we should not rush into using them. Instead, we should carefully and slowly enter into Web services marketplace. Start with small interactions to gain experience. Probably using it internally at first is a wise decision to take. Then… ones you have reached and understand Web services and the major development tool have matured… go for it.

16. Introduction to Server-Side Web Development 18 th March 2005Bogdan L. Vrusias © 200516 Closing Questions??? Remarks??? Comments!!! Evaluation!