1. Forces and Work in the Natural World

2. WORK Is force over a distance If force is applied to an object, and the object moves work has been done Plants can do work!

3. Osmosis in plant cells Osmosis – movement of water through the semipermeable cell membrane When most plants are given water the roots take up as much water as it needs which is stored inside the cells (vacuoles) and the plant looks normal

4. Osmosis in Plants When a plant does not receive enough water there is a higher concentration of water inside the plant cells than outside so the water diffuses out of the cell This causes the plant to wilt

5. Turgor Pressure Pressure of water molecules against the cell wall that allows plants to stand up straight.

6. Turgor Pressure Remember plant cells are surrounded by a rigid (resists bending) cell wall. Just beneath the cell wall is the cell membrane

7. Turgor Pressure The plant cell has a much larger vacuole than an animal cell This vacuole is used to store food and water for the plant cell

8. Turgor Pressure When a plant has the right amount of water then the turgor pressure inside the cell will help support the plant and the plant will stand upright When a plant does not have enough water the turgor pressure inside the cell is decreased and the plant is not able to stand upright as well If the plant does not get any water, it will wilt completely and eventually die

9. No Turgor Pressure Turgor Pressure

10. Tropism Tropism – a plant’s response that results in plant growth toward or away from a stimulus. – Positive – growing TOWARD the stimulus – Negative – growing AWAY from the stimulus

11. Stimulus: Light Response: Phototropism Tendency for plants to grow towards sunlight Why is this beneficial for the plant?

12. Stimulus: Gravity Response: Geotropism (or Gravitropism) A plant’s growth in response to gravity. – Negative: Stems grow away from gravity – Positive: Roots grow towards gravity

13. Stimulus: Touch Response: Thigmotropism – a plants growth in response to touch Examples: – Vines – Carnivorous Plants – Roots avoiding contact Venus Fly Trap Video