1. Clara Bensen: Department of International Studies College of Arts and Sciences Honors College Mentor - Emile Sahliyeh Ph.D.: Director of the International Studies Major Department of International Studies Clara Bensen: Department of International Studies College of Arts and Sciences Honors College Mentor - Emile Sahliyeh Ph.D.: Director of the International Studies Major Department of International Studies The Impact of Indigenous Movements in Latin America: A Work in Progress

2. Motivation for Study Indigenous peoples only make up 5% of the world’s population, but constitute 15% of the world’s poor. Typically, indigenous groups have higher rates of poverty and malnutrition, less access to education and health services, less political representation and tenuous control over their land. In Latin America, the gap between indigenous and non- indigenous groups is increasing. Raising the level of equality of indigenous people could potentially result in a significant increase in the national economies of Bolivia (by 37%), Brazil (by 13%), Guatemala (by 14%) and Peru (by 5%). Statistics courtesy of: The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Bank (WB) Indigenous peoples only make up 5% of the world’s population, but constitute 15% of the world’s poor. Typically, indigenous groups have higher rates of poverty and malnutrition, less access to education and health services, less political representation and tenuous control over their land. In Latin America, the gap between indigenous and non- indigenous groups is increasing. Raising the level of equality of indigenous people could potentially result in a significant increase in the national economies of Bolivia (by 37%), Brazil (by 13%), Guatemala (by 14%) and Peru (by 5%). Statistics courtesy of: The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Bank (WB)

3. Background Emergence of Latin American indigenous groups over the last 20 years. Results are debatable: some scholars see negative trends, others have a positive outlook. Emergence of Latin American indigenous groups over the last 20 years. Results are debatable: some scholars see negative trends, others have a positive outlook.

4. Abstract This paper seeks to: Identify and sample. Gather and analyze data. Ascertain what factors are affected. This paper seeks to: Identify and sample. Gather and analyze data. Ascertain what factors are affected.

5. Research Focus How are indigenous leaders and groups portrayed in Western media? In comparison, how are non-indigenous leaders portrayed?

6. Research Focus How do the traditional socio-cultural values of indigenous people (family, community, relationship with land) translate through an indigenous leader or group in the context of a modern political structure (Western, nation-state, capitalist)?

7. Research Focus Do indigenous people fare better in countries where the percentage of indigenous individuals as a part of the whole population is higher? Do these countries have higher indigenous representation?

8. Research Focus When an indigenous individual is a leader of a nation, what are the ramifications for the indigenous peoples inside that nation?

9. Methodology

10. References Eaton, Kent (2007). Backlash in bolivia: regional autonomy as a reaction against indigenous mobilization. Politics and Society. 35, 71-102. Goodale, Mark (2006). Reclaiming modernity: indigenous cosmopolitanism and the coming of the second revolution in Bolivia. American Ethnologist. 33, No. 4, 634-649 Gillete Hall and Harry Anthony Patrinos, Indigenous peoples, poverty and human development in latin america. 1994-2004 (MacMillan, forthcoming). IFAD, (2009) Indigenous peoples. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http://www.ifad.org/english/indigenous/index.htm#1 http://www.ifad.org/english/indigenous/index.htm#1 Korovkin, Tanya (2001). Reinventing the communal tradition: indigenous peoples, civil society, and democratization in andean ecuador. Latin American Research Review. 36. No. 3, 37-67. Madrid, Raúl (2005). Indigenous Parties and Democracy in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 47, 161-179 Eaton, Kent (2007). Backlash in bolivia: regional autonomy as a reaction against indigenous mobilization. Politics and Society. 35, 71-102. Goodale, Mark (2006). Reclaiming modernity: indigenous cosmopolitanism and the coming of the second revolution in Bolivia. American Ethnologist. 33, No. 4, 634-649 Gillete Hall and Harry Anthony Patrinos, Indigenous peoples, poverty and human development in latin america. 1994-2004 (MacMillan, forthcoming). IFAD, (2009) Indigenous peoples. Retrieved March 24, 2009, from http://www.ifad.org/english/indigenous/index.htm#1 http://www.ifad.org/english/indigenous/index.htm#1 Korovkin, Tanya (2001). Reinventing the communal tradition: indigenous peoples, civil society, and democratization in andean ecuador. Latin American Research Review. 36. No. 3, 37-67. Madrid, Raúl (2005). Indigenous Parties and Democracy in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society. 47, 161-179

11. Acknowledgements Thanks to: Emile Sahliyeh, Ph.D. Director, International Studies Major Jonathan Hook, Ph.D., Director, International Indigenous and American Indian Initiatives Susan Eve, Ph.D., Associate Dean of the Honors College Andrea Kirk, Ph.D., Lecturer, Honors College Gloria Cox, Ph.D., Dean of the Honors College Warren Burggreen, Ph.D., Dean of Arts and Sciences Wendy Wilkins, Ph.D., Provost and V.P. of Academic Affairs Gretchen Bataille, Ph.D., President of the University of North Texas Thanks to: Emile Sahliyeh, Ph.D. Director, International Studies Major Jonathan Hook, Ph.D., Director, International Indigenous and American Indian Initiatives Susan Eve, Ph.D., Associate Dean of the Honors College Andrea Kirk, Ph.D., Lecturer, Honors College Gloria Cox, Ph.D., Dean of the Honors College Warren Burggreen, Ph.D., Dean of Arts and Sciences Wendy Wilkins, Ph.D., Provost and V.P. of Academic Affairs Gretchen Bataille, Ph.D., President of the University of North Texas