1. Methods of Energy Transfer
The transfer of heat energy from a hot object can occur in three ways:
Conduction is the transfer of energy as heat through a material.
Convection is the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations.
Radiation is the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves.

2. Methods of Energy Transfer, continued
Conduction
Conduction involves objects in direct contact.
Conduction takes place when two objects that are in contact are at unequal temperatures.

3. Methods of Energy Transfer, continued
Convection
Convection results from the movement of warm fluids.
During convection, energy is carried away by a heated fluid that expands and rises above cooler, denser fluids.
A convection current is the vertical movement of air currents due to temperature variations.

4. Methods of Energy Transfer, continued
Radiation
Radiation is energy transferred as heat in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not involve the movement of matter.
Radiation is therefore the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a vacuum.
Much of the energy we receive from the sun is transferred by radiation.

5. Conductors and Insulators
Any material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat is called a conductor.
Most metals are good conductors.

6. Conductors and Insulators
Poor conductors are called insulators.
Gases are extremely poor conductors.
Liquids are also poor conductors.
Some solids, such as rubber and wood, are good insulators.

10. A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat
Conductivity
A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat

11. Specific Heat
Specific heat describes how much energy is required to raise an object’s temperature.
Specific heat is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogenous material 1 K or 1°C in a specified way given constant pressure and volume.
Specific Heat Equation
energy = (specific heat)  (mass)  (temperature change)
energy = cmDt