2. Chapter 2 Origins of American Government

3. -Early English settlers created government positions in the colonies that modeled after English government. ex. sheriff, coroner, justice of the peace, etc. - These settlers also brought with them the concept of limited government. This is the belief that government is not all-powerful and people have certain right that can’t be taken away.

4. Chapter 2 This idea of limited government was created in England with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. This took place nearly 400 years earlier than the first settlement in Jamestown in 1607. This idea of limited government was created in England with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. This took place nearly 400 years earlier than the first settlement in Jamestown in 1607. These settlers also brought with them the concept of representational government. This concept states that the people run the government through elected representatives and is still used in the U.S. and many other countries today. These settlers also brought with them the concept of representational government. This concept states that the people run the government through elected representatives and is still used in the U.S. and many other countries today.

5. Chapter 2 In In 1215 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta by a group of barons. They were seeking protection against heavy taxes and military campaigns. The The Magna Carta included such rights as trial by jury, due process of law, and rights of life, liberty, or property. rights were originally only intended for the upper class but through time have been applied, in many documents, to all people.

6. Chapter 2 The petition of right was another document that limited the King’s power. It said the king could not imprison political critics and could not require people to shelter troops without consent. The petition of right was another document that limited the King’s power. It said the king could not imprison political critics and could not require people to shelter troops without consent. After much turmoil and revolt in England, William and Mary of Orange were given the crown by Parliament in 1688. After much turmoil and revolt in England, William and Mary of Orange were given the crown by Parliament in 1688.

7. Chapter 2 The events that led to them receiving the crown was called the Glorious Revolution. The events that led to them receiving the crown was called the Glorious Revolution. In 1689 Parliament drew up an English Bill of Rights which William and Mary had to sign. In 1689 Parliament drew up an English Bill of Rights which William and Mary had to sign. This document included such guarantees as right to a fair and speedy trial, freedom from excessive bail, and from cruel and unusual punishment. This document included such guarantees as right to a fair and speedy trial, freedom from excessive bail, and from cruel and unusual punishment.

8. Chapter 2 The 13 colonies were formed over a period of 125 years with Virginia being the first and Georgia being the last. The 13 colonies were formed over a period of 125 years with Virginia being the first and Georgia being the last. All of the colonies were established on the basis of a charter. This is a written grant of authority from the King. All of the colonies were established on the basis of a charter. This is a written grant of authority from the King.

9. Chapter 2 The Royal colonies were under direct control of the crown. There were 8 royal colonies including New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Royal colonies were under direct control of the crown. There were 8 royal colonies including New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. In these colonies the king would appoint a governor to serve as a chief executive. The king also appointed a council to be an advisory body to the governor. This council became the upper house in the colony’s government. In these colonies the king would appoint a governor to serve as a chief executive. The king also appointed a council to be an advisory body to the governor. This council became the upper house in the colony’s government.

10. Chapter 2 The lower house of the bicameral legislature was elected by those property owners qualified to vote. Bicameral means a legislature with two houses. The lower house of the bicameral legislature was elected by those property owners qualified to vote. Bicameral means a legislature with two houses. The Proprietary colonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. A proprietor was a person to whom the king had given a grant of land in which they could govern as they as they please. The Proprietary colonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. A proprietor was a person to whom the king had given a grant of land in which they could govern as they as they please.

11. Chapter 2 In 1632 the king granted Maryland to Lord Baltimore, in 1681 Pennsylvania to William Penn, and in 1682 Penn also acquired Delaware. In 1632 the king granted Maryland to Lord Baltimore, in 1681 Pennsylvania to William Penn, and in 1682 Penn also acquired Delaware. In these colonies Maryland and Delaware had bicameral legislatures much like the royal colonies. In these colonies Maryland and Delaware had bicameral legislatures much like the royal colonies. Pennsylvania, however, had a unicameral legislature. This meant the legislature had only on house. Pennsylvania, however, had a unicameral legislature. This meant the legislature had only on house.

12. Chapter 2 The Charter colonies were Connecticut and Rhode Island. These colonies were granted to the people themselves. Because of this, they were largely self-governed. The Charter colonies were Connecticut and Rhode Island. These colonies were granted to the people themselves. Because of this, they were largely self-governed. These colonies also had bicameral legislatures and governors were elected by white, male property owners in the territory. These colonies also had bicameral legislatures and governors were elected by white, male property owners in the territory.

13. Chapter 2 George III became England’s king in 1760 and at this point Britain began to deal with the colonies more firmly. The colonists did not like the change and bad feelings began to muster. They objected to taxes they had no part in levying. They called this “taxation without representation.” George III became England’s king in 1760 and at this point Britain began to deal with the colonies more firmly. The colonists did not like the change and bad feelings began to muster. They objected to taxes they had no part in levying. They called this “taxation without representation.”

14. Chapter 2 In 1754 at a meeting in Albany, Ben Franklin offered an idea that came to be known as the Albany plan of Union. This plan proposed that delegates from each of the 13 colonies meet annually to make war or peace with the Native Americans, regulate trade with them, levy taxes, and raise military and naval forces. In 1754 at a meeting in Albany, Ben Franklin offered an idea that came to be known as the Albany plan of Union. This plan proposed that delegates from each of the 13 colonies meet annually to make war or peace with the Native Americans, regulate trade with them, levy taxes, and raise military and naval forces.

15. Chapter 2 Franklin’s plan was turned down by the colonists and the crown. Franklin’s plan was turned down by the colonists and the crown. Taxation without representation continued with such taxes as the Stamp Act of 1765, which put a tax on stamps, legal documents, and newspapers. Taxation without representation continued with such taxes as the Stamp Act of 1765, which put a tax on stamps, legal documents, and newspapers. Because of this 9 of the colonies met at the Stamp Act Congress in New York. They prepared a Declaration of Rights and Grievances and sent it to the king. Because of this 9 of the colonies met at the Stamp Act Congress in New York. They prepared a Declaration of Rights and Grievances and sent it to the king.

16. Chapter 2 The stamp act was repealed but friction mounted. Some of the colonists began to boycott, or refuse to buy and sell, British goods. The stamp act was repealed but friction mounted. Some of the colonists began to boycott, or refuse to buy and sell, British goods. On March 3, 1770 British troops fired on an angry crowd of Bostonians and killed five in what became known as the Boston Massacre. On March 3, 1770 British troops fired on an angry crowd of Bostonians and killed five in what became known as the Boston Massacre.

17. Chapter 2 After the Boston massacre and the increased taxation of the colonists, 55 delegates from every colony except Georgia met in Philadelphia. This became known as the First Continental Congress. After the Boston massacre and the increased taxation of the colonists, 55 delegates from every colony except Georgia met in Philadelphia. This became known as the First Continental Congress. After this meeting the king reacted with even stricter measures. After this meeting the king reacted with even stricter measures.

18. Chapter 2 On May 17, 1775 the Second Continental Congress met. By this time the American Revolution had already started and the Battle at Lexington and Concord had taken place three weeks earlier. On May 17, 1775 the Second Continental Congress met. By this time the American Revolution had already started and the Battle at Lexington and Concord had taken place three weeks earlier. All 13 colonies were present. John Hancock was chosen as President of the Congress and George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. All 13 colonies were present. John Hancock was chosen as President of the Congress and George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army.

19. Chapter 2 In 1776 Congress named 5 people to prepare a proclamation of independence. In 1776 Congress named 5 people to prepare a proclamation of independence. Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman. Thomas Jefferson did almost all of the writing. Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman. Thomas Jefferson did almost all of the writing. After this Declaration of Independence the colonies created their own Constitutions. After this Declaration of Independence the colonies created their own Constitutions.

20. Chapter 2 All of the constitutions shared these four concepts All of the constitutions shared these four concepts 1) popular sovereignty 1) popular sovereignty 2) limited government 2) limited government 3) civil rights 3) civil rights 4) separation of powers; checks and balances 4) separation of powers; checks and balances

21. Chapter 2 The Articles of Confederation became the first National Constitution and was created by those involved in the 2 nd Cont. Congress The Articles of Confederation became the first National Constitution and was created by those involved in the 2 nd Cont. Congress However, the Articles of Confed. proved to be very weak which would eventually lead to the U.S. Constitution However, the Articles of Confed. proved to be very weak which would eventually lead to the U.S. Constitution In 1783 the Treaty of Paris was signed which officially ended the war. In 1783 the Treaty of Paris was signed which officially ended the war.

22. Chapter 2 Because the Articles of Confederation were so weak, chaos broke out in the colonies Because the Articles of Confederation were so weak, chaos broke out in the colonies Meetings began to be held to try and restore order and form some sort of national gov’t Meetings began to be held to try and restore order and form some sort of national gov’t Delegates from 7 states met in Philadelphia to try and solve these problems at what became known as the Constitutional Convention Delegates from 7 states met in Philadelphia to try and solve these problems at what became known as the Constitutional Convention

23. Chapter 2 The Framers of the Constitution began to debate how our government should be structured. The Framers of the Constitution began to debate how our government should be structured. The Virginia Plan called for a new government with three separate branches. This legislature would be bicameral with the lower house, called the House of Representatives, consisting of those voted in by the people The Virginia Plan called for a new government with three separate branches. This legislature would be bicameral with the lower house, called the House of Representatives, consisting of those voted in by the people

24. Chapter 2 The upper house would be selected by the lower house and would be called the Senate. The upper house would be selected by the lower house and would be called the Senate. The New Jersey Plan called for a unicameral legislature in which each colony was represented equally no matter the size. The New Jersey Plan called for a unicameral legislature in which each colony was represented equally no matter the size. Conflicts soon arose between believers in each of the two plans. Conflicts soon arose between believers in each of the two plans.

25. Chapter 2 The New Jersey plan called for each state to be represented equally, where the Virginia plan wanted representation based on population The New Jersey plan called for each state to be represented equally, where the Virginia plan wanted representation based on population Because these two plans were very different, a compromise had to be created. Because these two plans were very different, a compromise had to be created.

26. Chapter 2 The Connecticut Compromise said there would be two houses with the lower house having equal representation and the upper house would depend on the state’s population. The Connecticut Compromise said there would be two houses with the lower house having equal representation and the upper house would depend on the state’s population. After the Connecticut Compromise a new debate started over rather or not slaves should count toward a state’s population After the Connecticut Compromise a new debate started over rather or not slaves should count toward a state’s population

27. Chapter 2 The Three-fifths Compromise said that all free people would count and three out of every five slaves would count toward a state’s population. The Three-fifths Compromise said that all free people would count and three out of every five slaves would count toward a state’s population. Those who supported ratification of the Constitution were called Federalists and those who opposed were called Anti- Federalists. Those who supported ratification of the Constitution were called Federalists and those who opposed were called Anti- Federalists.

28. Chapter 2 Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution in May of 1790. Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution in May of 1790.