1.  Consciousness

2. Overview  Consciousness : State of awareness of the internal and external world.  State of Awareness  Knowledge of Thoughts  External Environment

3. Sleep  A state of minimal consciousness with reduced motor and sensory activity  Stage 1: a few minutes (5%)  Stage 2: 45 minutes (20%)  Stage 3 & 4: 1 hour in first cycle (20%)  REM-rapid eye movement (25%)

4. Sleep Cycle

5. Restorative Theory of Sleep  Intended to regenerate your body  Blood directed away from brain to muscles for repair  Immune system is more active  Explains dopey feeling if woken up during stage 3 and 4

6. Adaptive Theory of Sleep  Sleep-Wake patterns are shaped by evolution  Behaviors are passed down if they increase chance of survival  Adaptive to sleep at night because of hunting, daylight, etc…  Away from predators

7. Sleep Deprivation  As you get older you get less sleep.  More irritable, decreased reaction time, and memory loss.  Increased risk of disease, type II diabetes, and obesity  Sleep Debt: difference between how much sleep you get vs. need  75% adults experience daytime sleepiness and 34% interferes with everyday life.

8. Sleep Disorders  Insomnia  Sleep Apnea  Narcolepsy  Sleep paralysis  REM sleep dx  Sleep Sex  Night terror  Nightmares  Sleep Walking  Sleep Eating

9. Dreams  An array of sensory events experienced during sleep  Average person spends 6 years dreaming.  Psychoanalytic Theory  If you had access to id you would never sleep  Dreams protect sleep  Latent Content: pure id wish  Manifest Content: The reported dream  Activation-Synthesis Model  Dreams mean nothing  Brain is consolidating memories for fast retreval

10. Hypnosis  Trancelike state in which the subject readily accepts the hypnotist’s suggestion of changes in consciousness or sensations.  Not all people can focus or imagine a scenario.  People do not go against their principles  Posthypnotic suggestion  Behavior or thinking pattern that comes out after hypnosis

11. Theories of Hypnosis  Altered State of Consciousness  Hypnosis is a distinct kind of consciousness.  Role Playing  You respond to the suggestion because you are expected to.  Dissociation theory of hypnosis  Divided consciousness from executive control system.

12. Meditation  A mental practice that regulates attention and awareness  Not tied to any religion, but can be religious.  Benefits  Hypertension  Chronic Pain  Perception of control  Anxiety  Depression