1. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 8 Telephone and Cable TV Networks: Residential Connection to the Internet

2. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Understand the structure of the telephone network. Understand the services provided by the telephone network and how these services allow us to connect to the Internet. Understand the structure of the cable TV network. Understand the services provided by the cable TV network and how these services allow us to connect to the Internet. After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to: O BJECTIVES

3. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. TELEPHNONESYSTEMTELEPHNONESYSTEM 8.1

4. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-1 A telephone system

5. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-2 Switching offices in a LATA

6. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Intra-LATA services are provided by local exchange carriers (LECs). Since 1996, there are two types of LECs: incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) and competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs). Note:

7. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-3 POPs

8. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-4 Rotary and touch-tone dialing

9. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Voice communication used analog signals in the past, but is now moving to digital signals. On the other hand, dialing started with digital signals (rotary) and is now moving to analog signals (touch-tone). Note:

10. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Business Focus: History of Common Carriers in the U.S.A. The history of common carriers in the United States can be divided into three eras: Before 1984 Before 1984, almost all local and long-distance services were provided by the AT&T Bell System. Between 1984 and 1996 The divestiture divided the country into more than 200 LATAs. After 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 combined the different services provided by different companies under the umbrella of telecommunication services.

11. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Business Focus: Analog Voice Services Local Call Services: Normally a flat monthly rate. Toll Calls : The user is normally charged for each call. 800/888 Calls : The recipient pays for the inbound call. WATS: The organization pays for the outbound calls. The charges are less expensive than toll calls. 900 Services : These are inbound calls like 800/888, but the call is paid by the caller and is normally much more expensive than toll calls. The carrier charges two fees: the long distance fee and a fee that is paid to the callee.

12. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. INTERNET ACCESS VIATELEPHONE VIATELEPHONE 8.2

13. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-5 Internet access via the local loop

14. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Modem stands for modulator/demodulator. Note:

15. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. A modulator converts a digital signal to an analog signal. A demodulator converts an analog signal to a digital signal. Note:

16. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-6 Modem concept

17. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-7 56K modem

18. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-8 Bands for ADSL

19. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-9 ADSL modem

20. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CABLE TV NETWORK NETWORK 8.3

21. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-10 Cable TV network

22. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Figure 8-11 Cable modem

23. McGraw-Hill©2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Business Focus: Telecommunications Reform Act of 1996 The Telecommunications Reform Act, passed on February 8, 1996, gave telephone and cable companies permission to provide both telephone services (local and long distance) and video services. The purpose of the act was to allow competition between companies and thus lower the price and improve the quality of telecommunication services for consumers. The act is still relatively new and it is too soon to judge its effect on prices and quality of services. A provision in the act provides low-cost access to the Internet for educational and nonprofit organizations.