1. Geology KWL

2. Geology: “geo” = earth “ology” = study of

3. Uniformitarianism: "the present is the key to the past," all things continue as they were from the beginning of the world.

4. Earth is 4.6 billion years old

5. Geologic Time Line : A record of the life forms and geologic events in Earth’s history Era: a unit of geologic time that includes two or more periods You are in the Cenozoic Era Period: a subdivision of the eras in geologic time You are in the Quaternary Period

6. Evolution: change over time Natural selection: survival of the fittest

7. Adaptation: a trait that increases the chances that an organism will survive and reproduce Extinction: the evolutionary termination of a species due to a failure to adapt to environmental change

8. Fossil record: the complete body of fossils that shows how species and ecosystems change over time Fossil types Carbon film Trace fossils Teeth and bones are most likely to be preserved Mold/cast amber

9. Rocks Review Sedimentary: Crushed rock and organic material layered and compacted into new rock Igneous: Rock formed from melted rock Metamorphic: changed physically and sometimes chemically when subjected to heat and pressure

10. Law of superposition: oldest rocks on the bottom….youngest on the top! Relative age: using information about rock layers and the fossil record to determine the age relationships between rocks Index fossil: found all over the world for a short period in geologic time Trilobite: ancient aquatic index fossil

11. Unconformity: gaps in the rock record Mechanical vs. chemical weathering Mechanical: process of breaking big rocks into little ones Chemical: the effect of weathering on molecules and atoms…in nature, moisture, and heat must be present

12. Movement on the earth Continental drift/plate tectonics: the gradual shifting of Earth’s plates causes continents to change their global positions over time Convergence of plates: the collision of two plates Divergence of plates: two plates are moving away from each other

13. Pangea: all of the continents were connected. Then they separated to their current positions They are still moving slowly each year!