1. ANIMAL FARM CHAPTER DISCUSSIONS CHAPTER 2

2. Chapter 2 VOCABULARY Pre-eminent – better, more important Vivacious-lively, happy Inventive-creative Nimble movements-quick movements Animalism-reference to communism (same principles) Expounded-explain something Apathy-having no interest/enthusiasm about something Liberty-freedom Clover-a plant (leaves have three round parts)

3. Chapter 2 VOCABULARY Disheartened-unmotivated Idle-lazy Rabbiting-to keep talking about something for a long time Tormentors-bullies/oppressors/abusers Thrashing-beating Maltreating-mistreating, treating badly Reign-rule (period of ruling) Blinkers-eye flaps (for horses usually) Capered-run around happily Ration-portion

4. Chapter 2 VOCABULARY Knoll-small hill Spinney-small area of land covered in trees and bushes Lithograph-a picture made using flat metal or stone surfaces, parts of which are covered in ink Reproached-to criticise someone Unanimous-everyone agreed Unalterable-unchangeable

5. Chapter 2 Napoleon Named after Napoleon Bonaparte = Autocratic ruler of France who became the ruler through warfare = Betrayed the French Revolutionary principles of “liberty, fraternity and equality” Represents – Joseph Stalin, dictator of USSR = Betrayed Russian Revolutionary principal of “Workers of the Wold Unite” Note his description = Berkshire boar = breeder (not for slaughter) = fierce-looking; not a good speaker = ‘getting his own way” = manipulative =ruthless, self-serving, sly, scheming

6. Snowball Name gives the idea of purity, integrity (what Orwell believed he stood for) Represents – Leon Trotsky Note his description = vivacious – lively and happy (not so serious) = good speaker = creative/innovative =intelligent =visionary =committed Chapter 2

7. Squealer Name: a “squealer” is someone (often a soldier or spy) who would be willing to betray his comrades if it suited him – thus someone untrustworthy (a squeal is also a screeching high –pitched sound made by a pig) Represents – Communist Propaganda Note his description = looks cute and innocent – it is therefore hard NOT to believe him = brilliant speaker (persuasive) = “turn black into white” = he can lie so well that the lies seem true = he is a ‘spin doctor’ whose job it is to put a 'positive spin' on events or situations (promotes a favourable interpretation of events) =manipulative =intelligent =self-serving Chapter 2

8. Moses Represents Religion / Russian Orthodox Church Also a clever talker Pigs called him a liar – why??? - Communist revolutionaries were against religion and its teaching because it convinced people to accept their situations / lot in life and not want a better one - They wanted all of the people's faith to be placed in THEM - The people should believe that they are ALREADY in paradise Chapter 2

9. Mr Jones Drunk – lost money in lawsuit Neglects the farm and the animals = bad leader Winsor chair – Windsor is the name of the royal family of England at the time = symbol of luxuries, wealth and nobility of the upper class Reacts to animals’ behaviour with VIOLENCE – uses whips Chapter 2

10. How the animals react to the new idea of ‘Animalism’ Difficulty understanding and adapting  Too stupid  Apathetic (not interested or willing to make an effort to change things)  Still felt duty and loyalty towards Mr Jones  Believed that they could not survive without Jones  Mollie does not want to give up luxuries Chapter 2

11. The Rebellion Happens spontaneously - unplanned Caused by aggravating circumstances Successful because the animals work together WITHOUT any leaders Note that the animals’ reactions to events are immediate – when something happens, they react at that point in time and then forget it Instantly get rid of all the instruments of enslavement and torture (note that ‘whips’ has its own sentence – not mentioned with the other instruments – why???) Chapter 2

12. The farmhouse Represents the Tsar Palace and the luxuries of upper class life Lithograph of Queen Victoria – England’s poor suffered under her rule (lithography = method for printing using a stone or a metal plate with a completely smooth surface) Declared a museum – no animal is ever to live in it Chapter 2

13. The pigs Already elevated above the others due to their intelligence First thing that separates them is their ability to read and write  History can only be recorded through accurately writing it down  If you are the only one who knows how to read and write, you can control history The disappearance of the milk and apples  first betrayals of the ideals of the revolution  Use their power and intelligence to benefit themselves  Cleverly diverts the animals’ attention away from the milk and apples Chapter 2