1. International Conference on Character Education Yogyakarta University Nov. 9, 2011 Bernice Lerner, Ed.D.

2. How might we deliberately go about helping our students to develop good habits/make wise choices/internalize virtue?

3. By raising awareness

4. By inspiring understanding

5. By encouraging positive action

7. By fostering reflection

8. Courage Ofr. Corage, curage - heart, spirit L. Cor - heart

9. Courage The attitude or response of facing and dealing with anything recognized as dangerous, difficult, or painful instead of withdrawing from it Quality of being fearless or brave; valor Mind; purpose; disposition; spirit; temper - Webster ’ s New World Dictionary of the American Language, 1966.

10. What is the emotion we feel when faced with a dangerous, difficult, or painful situation?

11. . What is fearful is not the same for every person

12. Things that are fearful differ in magnitude and degree

13. The emotion of fear overcomes us when we... fear what we should not. fear as we should not. fear when we should not.

14. “ The [person]… who faces and who fears the right things, from the right motive, in the right way, and who feels confidence under the corresponding conditions, is brave… ” -Aristotle

15. The Coward Lacks confidence Displays excessive fear in difficult/painful situations

16. The Rash Person Is boastful, a pretender to courage. Displays inappropriate fearlessness

17. Guo You Bu Ji “ The excess is as bad as the deficiency ”

18. “ To see what is right and not do it, that is cowardice. ” - Confucius

19. The Brave Person Is collected beforehand, and excited in the moment of action. Is motivated by a sense of honour. Will have fears, but will face them as he or she ought.

21. “Heroism is the dazzling and glorious concentration of courage.” -Henri Frederic Amiel

22. “ Courage, as a virtue… presupposes some form of selflessness, altruism, or generosity. ” - André Comte-Sponville

23. Courage is... the precondition of all other virtues will at its most determined, and, in the face of danger or suffering, at its most necessary. resistant to intellectualism - André Comte-Sponville

25. Courage Look-Alikes vs. True Courage The courage of the citizen-soldier who is not motivated by penalties or prizes, but by an internal sense of what is right. The courage of the person who faces death with knowledge of the facts, i.e., that the odds are against him/her.

26. The courage of the passionate person.

27. The courage of the person who does not have time to prepare a response, who responds bravely to alarms. The courage of the person who stands by his/her convictions, no matter the consequences.

28. How does one become courageous? “ … the virtues we get by first exercising them….we become brave by doing brave acts. ” - Aristotle

29. “ The bravest thing you can do when you are not brave is to profess courage and act accordingly. ” - Corra May White Harris (1869-1935)

30. “ If a man has any greatness in him, it comes to light, not in one flamboyant hour, but in the ledger of his daily work. ” - Beryl Markham, West With the Night

32. Sophie Scholl and the White Rose The power of a life

33. Sophie Scholl 1921-1943

34. Robert and Magdalene Scholl Inge, b. 1917 Hans, b. 1918 Elisabeth, b. 1920 Sophie, b. 1921 Werner, b. 1922

35. Forchtenberg, Germany 1921-1930

36. Ulm, Germany 1930-1940

37. State Work Duty, 1940-1942 Krauchenwies camp

38. Hans Scholl Became disillusioned with The Hitler Youth Intellectual Soldier Medical student Founder of “ The White Rose ”

39. Alexander Schmorell (Schurik) In medical school to please his physician father Artist & musician Cherished his Russian ancestry (on mother ’ s side) Lost his mother in infancy

40. Christopher Probst Soldier Medical student Married, 3 children Came from a family of Bavarian scholars

41. Willi Graf Soldier Medical student Devout Catholic Joined W.R. late Got supplies Traveled to recruit support

44. Professor Kurt Huber Popular professor of philosophy Carefully concealed biting remarks against Hitler Contributed to 5th leaflet Drafted 6th leaflet

45. Jurgen Wittenstein Medical student Introduced Alex and Hans Survived. Now a retired doctor and professor living in Santa Barbara, CA

46. The University of Munich