1. MiniBooNE - Booster Neutrino Experiment Andrew Green Indiana University DPF 2002May 27, 2002

2. Outline Motivation for MiniBooNE The collaboration How do we produce the  s ? The Detector Data AcQuisition system (DAQ) Detector Status

3. You Wanna Do What?? Make a high intensity  beam of known source and energy range & measure the flux. Make a detector that can count the number of  and e 's which interact (do this very well). Ask: Do we see more e 's than expected in the beam??  e. If so, measure the probability of  e.

4. Neutrino Oscillations P osc = sin 2 2  sin 2 (1.27  m 2 L/E) Oscillations depend on 2 experimental parameters... and 2 intrinsic parameters L: distance from the neutrino source to the detector (km) E: energy of the neutrinos (GeV)  m 2 : m 2 2 -m 1 2 sin 2 2  is the mixing angle between the two flavors in question The  m 2 and sin 2 2  accessible to neutrino oscillation experiments are set by L, E, and the neutrino intensity available.

5. Current Measurements Well-established measurements: Well-established measurements:  Solar  m 2 ~10 -(4~5) from  e X  Atmospheric  m 2 ~3x10 -3 from  X Needs Confirmation: Needs Confirmation:  LSND  m 2 ~10 -(0 ~ 1) from   e

6. Enter MiniBooNE... Goal: Verify or rule out the LSND signal Proposed summer 1998 Running spring 2002 High Statistics: 10x more than LSND Systematic Error Reduction: In the beam: " The Little Muon Counter (LMC)   and  running " variable-length decay region In the detector: " Laser calibration " Cosmic ray cubes " Fine (nano-second) beam timing

7. Sensitivity Phase space already covered MiniBooNE at ~2yrs

8. The BooNE Collaboration 62 Scientists from 14 institutions Y. Liu, I Stancu University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 S. Koutsoliotas Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837 E. Church, C. Green, G. J. VanDalen University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 E. Hawker, R. A. Johnson, J. L. Raaf University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 T. Hart, E. D. Zimmerman University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 J. M. Conrad, J. Link, J. Monroe, M. H. Shaevitz, M. Sorel, G. P. Zeller Columbia University, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 D. Smith Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 C. Bhat, S. J. Brice, B. C. Brown, L. Bugel, B. T. Fleming, R. Ford, F. G. Garcia, P. Kasper, T. Kobilarcik, I. Kourbanis, A. Malensek, W. Marsh, P. Martin, F. Mills, C. Moore, P. J. Nienaber, E. Prebys, A. Russell, P. Spentzouris, R. Stefanski, T. Williams Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 P. J. Nienaber College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610 D. C. Cox, A Green, H. -O. Meyer, R. Tayloe Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 G. T. Garvey, G. A. McGregor, W. C. Louis, G. B. Mills, V. Sandberg, B. Sapp, R. Schirato, R. Van de Water, D. H. White Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 R. Imlay, W. Metcalf, M. Sung, M. O. Wascko Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 J. Cao, Y. Liu, B. P. Roe University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 A. O. Bazarko, P. D. Meyers, R. B. Patterson, F. C. Shoemaker Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 3 undergraduate universities 9 graduate universities 2 national laboratories

9. How do we get the  's? " Primary beam of 8 GeV protons " Beryllium target produces secondary beam of pions and kaons " Horn focuses particles toward detector " The Little Muon Counter (LMC) cross-checks the beam flux and e background from K decays " Mineral oil Cerenkov detector

10. MiniBooNE Detector " 12 meter (40') diameter sphere " 250,000 gallons of white mineral oil 807 tons, 445 tons fiducial " Optically isolated inner region lined with 1280 PMTs (10% coverage) " Veto region with 240 PMTs Custom front-end electronics (some new, some recycled from LSND) All new DAQ software

11. Beam Flux " Protons on Be: p + Be  +, K +, K 0 L  Yield a high flux of  :  +  +  K +  + , K 0 L  +  -   With a low background of e :   e + e      0 e + e, K 0 L  + e - e Getting to know the flux: " Detailed simulations " HARP measurements    Carbon charged current   50m & 25m decay region (  background) " Off-axis muon counter, LMC (K background)

12. Intrinsic e background: 1,500 events  mis-ID background: 500 events  0 mis-ID background: 500 events LSND-based   e : 1,000 events Approximately 500,000  C events expected in MiniBooNE with two years of running MiniBooNE Signal

13. Background measurements in the beamline Little Muon Counter: A spectrometer which exploits the wide-angle decays of the Kaon, and will get the  energy distribution to constrain the e production rate from Kaons. Varying the length of the decay region from 50m to 25m : " An oscillation signal would go down by factor of 2.  Background e rate (  decay ) would go down by a factor of 4.   e 's from decay of short-lived sources not affected.

14. Neutrino Beam/DAQ Timing Beam macrostructure Time beam-on-target DAQ readout "spill" - DAQ readout started with "booster extract" signal Beam microstructure "bunch" Beam-on-target software cuts Time - Software cuts determined from beam microstructure digitized at target - Reduces "out -of-time" backgrounds

15. Data Acquisition System Charge (Q) and time (T) are digitized every 100ns for every phototube channel...info only kept for 205  s The trigger decides to take a certain time window based on a few inputs, e.g. Beam spill=yes/no, laser firing, and/or how many tubes are hit and at what time. Q&T info for a given time window is read out on a central system which "assembles" the event. Data shipped to a nearline process and to tape.

16. DAQ Overview qt2 131.225.194.2 qt4 131.225.194.4 qt8 131.225.194.7 qt6 131.225.194.9 qt11 131.225.194.16 qt3 131.225.194.3 qt9 131.225.194.8 qt12 131.225.194.18 qt10 131.225.194.12 qt13 131.225.194.13 mbtrigger 131.225.194.23 qt7 131.225.194.6 qt1 131.225.194.1 qt5 131.225.194.5 hal9000 eth0: 131.225.194.10 hal9002 eth1: 131.225.194.19 eth0: 131.225.194.134 hal9004 eth1: 131.225.194.20 eth0: 131.225.194.131 BooNE Offline Subnet 131.225.194.1 131.225.194.99 BooNE Online Subnet 131.225.194.101 131.225.194.255 Run Control GUI FNAL Computing Enstore (to Tape) PPC Linux x86 Linux

17. Cosmic Rays Show Oil Level !! Oil level as of early April Tank now full (May 2)

18. Typical C erenkov Ring

19. Event Displays: Gallery of Rings

20. Michel (  decay) Trigger A few  sec later... (dum dee dee dum) Few hundred hits ("  " candidate) < 100 hits ("e" candidate)

21. Supernova "Trigger" ~200 e CC events for a SN near the center of the galaxy.  ½ of the e + at 10 MeV < E < 35 MeV NC rxn -> excited C atom gives a 15.1 MeV 

22. Calibration Currently Underway  PMT charges and times calibrated using different laser flasks and known wavelength and intensity.  Trajectories of charged particles calibrated using muon tracking system and scintillator cubes.

23. Detector Status Detector construction and oil-fill is complete. DAQ is fully operational and taking calibration data. "Calibration Fest" is underway. Detector commissioning nearly complete. High Intensity  beam expected for Summer 2002. 1 st stages of 8 GeV proton extraction have started. Many university collaborators involved in beam design, instrumentation, and commissioning. Begin of Run Party June 21st.

24. End of Presentation. Backup slides follow...