1. Regulation of Mergers & Acquisitions Presentation by Magdeline Gabaraane GICC 14 th March 2013 1

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1. Why regulate mergers 2. Merger definition 3. Merger control process 4. Competitive effects of mergers 5. Conclusions

3. Why regulate mergers - Mergers between firms may produce positive and negative effects on the economy. Market concentration may, by reducing the number of participants in the market, make the adoption of anti- competitive behaviours (price raises, quality reduction, diminished variety or reduced innovations) easier.

4. Definition A merger occurs when (S52(1)) “one or more enterprises directly or indirectly acquires or establishes direct or indirect control over the whole or part of the business of another enterprise”.

5. Acquisition of control over the whole or a part of another enterprise may be achieved when:- A business buys shares, leases shares, an interest or assets from another business, or two/more businesses combine or amalgamate

6. Merger control process Merger Notification Merger Assessment Merger Determination

7. Merger Notification Process 7 Mergers and acquisitions falling within these thresholds are required to notify their transactions with the Authority Turnover in Botswana of the enterprise or enterprises being taken over > P10 million Enterprises concerned would, following implementation of the merger have a market share of at least 20 percent of a particular description of goods or services in Botswana. Assets in Botswana of the enterprise or enterprises being taken over > P 10 million; or

8. Merger Assessement Process 8 In-depth merger analysis (economic and legal aspects) undertaken to ascertain effect of transaction on.. Preventing/lessening competition in the relevant market Whether the proposed merger would have any public benefits/public interest concerns Any enterprise acquiring a dominant position in the market

9. Merger Determination 9 Merger determination is made to … Authorise the merger, without conditions; Decline the merger if it would result in anticompetitive effects Authorise the merger, subject to conditions the Authority considers necessary and reasonable to prevent/lessen any adverse effects of the merger; or

10. Notified Mergers 10  From inception, the CA has assessed 45 mergers and acquisitions  21 (46%) of these were approved with conditions  17 (37%) were approved unconditionally  4 (8%) were declined, 2 later reached settlements  3 assessment on-going

11. Conditional approvals 11  Approval conditions and undertakings have been in the areas of:-  Preserving employment  Citizen empowerment  Technical and technological transfer and training  Capacity building

12. Not all mergers give rise to competition issues. Some mergers are pro-competitive (because they positively enhance the level of competition). Other mergers lessen competition but not substantially, because sufficient post-merger competitive constraints exist to ensure that competition continues to discipline the commercial behaviour of the merged entity.

13. Competitive Effects of Mergers 13  The assessment of whether a merger or acquisition is likely to prevent or substantially lessen competition considers the following:-  Removal of an effective or potential competitor  Existence of import or foreign competition  Industry barriers to entry and expansion  Unilateral effects  Foreclosure  Countervailing buyer power

14. CA may determine whether a merger can or cannot be justified on public interest grounds 1. Employment creation 2. Export promotion 3. Industrial/economic development 4. Improve, or prevent a decline in the production or distribution of goods or the provision of services 5. Advance citizen empowerment initiatives or enhance the competitiveness of citizen- owned small and medium sized enterprises

15. Assessed mergers – per sector 15  The distribution of M&A’s assessed by the Authority, per sector

16. Conclusions 16  The Competition Authority will continue to regulate mergers & acquisitions with the potential to lessen competition by reducing or weakening the competitive pressure or reducing the incentives for competitive rivalry.  The Authority shall promote transactions that enable the merged firm to meet customer demand in a way that facilitates more intense competition.  The CA will continuously engage with the business community and other key stakeholders in the execution of its mandate.