1. Chapter 3. Organic Conductor

2. Conductivity Of Organic Materials

3. Conductivity  = en  n: number of carriers; m: mobility of the carriers

10. Electronic structures of Organic Molecules (1) Core electrons. (2)  electrons, localized between two atoms. (3) n electrons, located at a particular heteroatom, usually have high orbital energy and could be promoted easily. (4)  electrons, delocalized over an array of atoms, usually have high MO energy and could be promoted easily.

11. Discovery of Conducting Organic Crystals

26. Conductivity is controlled by the phthalocyanine ring. The metal core does not interfere the conductivity. Phthalocyanine channel I-I-

29. Chain length: Si:120  30 Ge: 74  40 Sn:100  40

31. Conjugated Polymers

32. Polyacetylene

34. (1) Could a charge through delocalize through the  array? (2) Is there any one dimensional conductor in principle? (3) How a charge hop from one  array to another adjacent  array?

35. Electrical conductivity of polyacetylene Cis-PA  = 1.7 x 10 -9 S/cm Trans-PA  = 4.4 x 10 -5 S/cm I 2 doped  = 5.5 x 10 2 S/cm AsF 5 doped  = 1.2 x 10 3 S/cm Electrochemical Oxidation  = 1 x 10 3 S/cm Li doped  = 2 x 10 2 S/cm Na doped  = 10 1 -10 -2 S/cm

43. Polyparaphenylene (PPP)

44. Drawbacks: low solubility. Alkyl side chain for enhancing solubility

45. When no of phenylene units is larger than 12, the material becomes metallic after doped

47. Synthesis of Polythiophenes PEDOT.PSS

48. Polyaniline (PANI) Conductor Insulator

49. Preparation

50. Doping and Undoping PANI doped with H 3 PO 4 was found to be most stable.

51. Conductivity could go up to 200-400 S/cm after doping

53. Poly-4-phenylene-(E)-vinylene (PPV) Highly insoluble Precursor for thin film formation

55. Knoevenagel Condensation Wittig Horner reaction Hsieh, B. R. (Xerox)

56. Lithium Battery

57. Rechargeable Battery With PA electrode Oxidation (CH) x +xy(ClO 4 - ) [(CH) +y (ClO 4 - ) y]x + xye - Reduction (CH) x +xy(Li + ) + xye - [(CH) -y (Li + ) y]x

60. Battery Structures based on PA (a)P type (CH) x anode/Li cathode (b)P type (CH) x anode/n type (CH) x cathode (c)n type (CH) x anode /Li cathode When the battery is doped at 6%, the Voltages are 3.7, 2.5, 1.2V respectively

61. Rechargeable Battery with poly-4-phenylene electrode

63. Organic Photoconductors

70. Scher-Montrol Theory on dispersive photocurrent

75. Organic Photoconductors (1) Conjugated polymers (2) Polymers containing aromatic side-chains (3) Small molecules

84. Organic Solar Cell

86. Example

91. Self-Organized Discotic Liquid Crystals for High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics