1. Musculoskeletal Injuries

2. Definition Any injury that occurs to a skeletal muscle, tendon, ligament, joint, or a blood vessel that services skeletal muscle and any related tissues

3. Risks Sport participation Healthy and active lifestyle

4. Long term consequences majority of these injuries are resolved without significant long-term consequences

5. Short term consequences Decreased physical strength Nerve impulses slow Circulation and metabolic rates will slow Bone mineral density decreases Collagen level decreases in the connective tissues Reduced cardiorespiratory function Reduced glycogen storage

6. Common causes of musculoskeletal injury Single traumatic event Physical overloads  Overtraining  repetitive use

7. Frequency of injury occurrence Age Most occur in individuals 15-25 years of age Male vs Female Frequency of the different types of musculoskeletal injuries is relatively equal Different types of specific injuries occurred more frequently due to the physiological differences between men and women

8. Frequency of injury occurrence 25% of all athletes will expect to sustain a musculoskeletal injury in a 12-month period Higher level athletes have an increased risk for injury d/t greater physical stresses and risks.

9. Frequency of injury occurrence 25% foot and ankle 22% Knee injuries 11% Back injuries Injuries to the lower leg, thigh, hip, shoulders, and the hand/forearm structure each occur at frequencies of between 5% and 10%

10. Injuries to the Musculoskeletal System Injuries to the musculoskeletal system can be classified according to the body structures that are damaged. Some injuries may involve more than one structure.

11. 4 Basic types of musculoskeletal injuries Fractures Dislocation Sprain Strain

12. Common Signals of Musculoskeletal Injuries Signals of serious injury: Deformity Moderate or severe pain or discomfort, swelling and discoloration Inability to move or use the affected body part Bone fragments protruding from a wound Victim feels bones grating or felt or heard a snap or pop at time of injury Loss of circulation or sensation in an extremity Tingling, cold or bluish color below the site of the injury Cause of the injury that suggests the injury may be severe

13. Fracture a medical condition in which there is a break in the continuity of the bone occur when bone cannot withstand outside forces can occur because of direct blows, twisting injuries, or falls

14. Dislocation a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. dislocated bone is no longer in its normal position. dislocation may also cause ligament or nerve damage.

15. Dislocation Causes usually caused by a sudden impact to the joint. usually occurs following a blow, fall, or other trauma.

16. Dislocation Symptoms Visibly out of place, discolored, or misshapen Limited in movement Swollen or bruised Intensely painful, especially if you try to use the joint or bear weight on it

17. Sprain an injury to ligaments

18. Sprain caused by a ligament being stretched too far

19. Strain injury to a muscle or tendon can either be a stretching or tear of the muscle or tendon

20. Strain Causes pulling too far on a muscle, pulling a muscle in one direction while it is contracting (called an 'eccentric contraction') in the other direction caused by chronic activities that develop an overstretching of the muscle fibers.

21. Sprain / Strain Symptoms pain swelling Bruising loss of the ability to move and use the joint instability

22. Sprain / Strain Assessment Grades commonly graded according to the extent of the injury. Grade I and Grade II  usually be treated conservatively with treatments such as icing and physical therapy. Grade III  can place individuals at higher risk for permanent instability, and an operation may be a necessary part of treatment.

23. Sprain / Strain Assessment

24. Care for Musculoskeletal Injuries Check first for any life-threatening conditions. Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if — The injury involves the head, neck or back. The injury impairs walking or breathing. You see or suspect a fracture or dislocation. You see or suspect multiple musculoskeletal injuries. Check for any non-life threatening conditions and care for any other injuries.

25. General Care The general care for musculoskeletal injuries includes following RICE: Rest Immobilize Cold Elevate If you are unsure whether the injury is serious, care for it as if it is a serious injury. Take steps to minimize shock. Comfort and reassure the victim.