1. Skeletal System A Framework

2. Axial Skeleton A. cranium B. vertebrae C. ribs D. sternum

3. Appendicular Skeleton A. arms B. legs C. shoulders D. hips

4. Bone Functions Support body Give shape Anchors for muscles Protect internal organs Make blood cells in the bone marrow Store minerals (like calcium)

5. Bone Structure Periosteum- outer covering of bone Blood vessels- carry nutrients to & from bone Spongy bone- at the end of long bones & contains red marrow (makes red blood cells) Compact bone- down the length of long bones for support; filled with yellow marrow (fat)

6. Bone Growth Throughout life we continually replace old bone cells with new bone cells. Newborns have a lot of cartilage and very little bone. At about age 25 we have very little cartilage & a lot of bone

7. Joints- where bones meet Immovable: cranium Slightly movable: vertebrae Movable: –Ball & socket: hips & shoulders –Hinge: elbow, knee, fingers, toes –Pivot: where the head joins the neck; “no” movement –Gliding: wrist & ankles

8. Ball and Socket Hinge Gliding Pivot

9. Related Tissues Cartilage—serves as a cushion between bones Bursae—is a fluid-filled sac; serves to cushion between bones Ligaments—connect bone to bone Tendons—connect bone to muscle

10. Ankle Sprain Treatment: RICE R- Rest I – Ice C- Compress w/ bandage E- Elevate Injuries to ligaments Injuries and Disorders

11. Bursitis Inflammation of the bursae; takes in too much water

12. Arthritis inflamed joints Rheumatoid Arthritis

13. Steps in repairing breaks/ fractures 1. Bone broken 2. Damaged bone removed 3. Gap filled with a CALLUS made of cartilage 4. New cartilage ossifies (turns to bone) Broken bone Callus Healthy Humerus

14. 1.Cranium11. Carpals 2.Mandible12. Metacarpals 3.Clavicle13. Phalanges 4.Sternum14. Femur 5.Humerus15. Patella 6.Ribs16. Tibia 7.Vertebrae17. Fibula 8.Pelvis18. Tarsals 9.Radius19. Metatarsals 10.Ulna20. Phalanges

15. Animated Skeletal Review YouTube - Animaniacs Re-animated: The Bone SongYouTube - Animaniacs Re-animated: The Bone Song

16. Hey, My Cranium! (Sing along with the “Macarena” song) Tarsals-Fibula-Tibia-Patella Femur-Pelvis-Ribs-Sternum Carpals-Ulna-Radius-Humerus Hey, my Cranium!