1. Drones By …... Class 04/20/2015

2. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of navigator, or pilot on the ground or in another vehicle. What is a drone?

3. Brief History of Drones In 1916, A. M. Low’s “Aerial Target” was one of the first unmanned aerial vehicle * The birth of U.S. UAVs began in 1959 when United States Air Force officers were concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory and they thought of unmanned flights. * In the year 1964, U.S Navy initiated America’s highly classified ‘Red Wagon’ UAVs into their first combat missions of the Vietnam war.

4. Types of Drones There are three types of drones- * Military Drones * Commercial Drones * Agriculture Drones

5. IAI RQ-5 Hunter: United States Army's Short Range UAV system for division and corps commanders. Lockheed Martin Polecat : Used for research. MQ-1 Predator drone : Used for airstrikes. Military drones

6. Real estate agents are using remote-controlled aircraft to film bird's-eye-view video tours of homes, land and commercial properties. Drones could allow businesses to deliver products to customers without having to send a driver. Commercial photography has a lot to gain from legal UAVs. Drone-aided search and rescue missions have been adopted by law enforcement across the country. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eYIZDLXqOo http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/2014/02/11/t-north-dakota-drones- aerospace.cnnmoney/index.html http://money.cnn.com/video/technology/2013/12/02/t-amazon-drone- delivery.cnnmoney/index.html Commercial Drones

8. Relatively cheap drones with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities. Equipped with autopilot using GPS and a standard point- and-shoot camera. Collects data such as patterns in irrigation, soil variation, and pest infestations. Agricultural Drones

9. Drones technology in our lives * personal use becomes legal in 2015 * DHL * Fedex and more...

10. Manufacturing of Drone More advanced drone are made from large, old – anti – ship missiles which had their war heads removed. Obsolete jet & propeller powered aircraft have also been modified into remote controlled drones, but such modifications are costly.

11. Uses of Drone They are predominantly deployed for military applications, but also used in a small but growing number of civil applications, such as policing, firefighting, and nonmilitary security work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft.

12. Drone Operating System The launching of a target drone, used as a weapon carrier to attack on a required target is controlled of in commanding center. It is monitored by commanding officers called Combat System Officers in the operating room. These pilot sensor operators in the operating room send commands to satellite (to fly the drone via satellite link). Satellite will receive command and then it further sends to aircraft. The heat detectors present in the aircraft detects warm & heat of living bodies. After finding and identifying, it automatically fixes & tracks the ground targets.

13. The use of drones for information collection in the journalism industry is still new. Kanye West has a fear that a drones could accidentally electrocute his daughter. PSJD is the first international organization dedicated to the emerging field of drone journalism. http://time.com/2967209/best-drone-videos/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiSEIUnPlEE Drone Journalism

14. Applications of UAV There are many different applications of drones. Some of the applications of drones are listed below, while some are explained further i.Search and rescue ii.Disaster relief iii.Sports iv.Commercial aerial surveillance v.Commercial and motion picture filmmaking vi.Armed attacks

15. Disaster relief Drones transport medicines and vaccines, and retrieve medical samples, into and out of remote or otherwise inaccessible regions Drones can help in disaster relief by gathering information from across an affected area

16. Search and rescue During the 2008 hurricanes that struck Louisiana and Texas, Micro UAVs, such as the ‘Aeryon Scout’, have been used to perform search for missing persons. ‘Predators’, operating between 18,000–29,000 feet above sea level, performed search and rescue and damage assessment.

17. Sports Drones were used in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi for filming skiing and snowboarding events Some advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles in sports are that they allow video to get closer to the athletes, they are more flexible than cable-suspended camera systems.

18. Armed Attacks Armed ‘Predators’ were first used in late 2001 from bases in Pakistan and Uzbekistan, mostly aimed at assassinating high profile individuals (terrorist leaders, etc.) inside Afghanistan A Predator based in a neighboring Arab country was used to kill suspected al- Qaeda terrorists in Yemen on November 3, 2002. This marked the first use of an armed Predator as an attack aircraft outside of a theater of war such as Afghanistan.

19. Drone strikes make the United States safer by decimating terrorist networks across the world. Drone strikes are cheaper than engaging in ground or manned aerial combat. Drones make US military personnel safer. The majority of Americans support drone strikes. Pros About Drones

20. Drone strikes kill large numbers of civilians and traumatize local populations. Drone strikes violate international law. Drone strikes violate the sovereignty of other countries. Drone strikes are extremely unpopular in the affected countries. Many drone operators have emotional and psychological stress. Cons About Drones

21. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration currently prohibits the commercial use of UAVs. In Canada, operators can apply for special licenses. Drone strikes are legal under international law. Drone strikes are legal under US law. Laws About Drones

22. Statistics About Drone Strikes Year Number of Attacks MilitantsCiviliansUnknownTotal 2008362232847334 2009543877092603 20101227881645971 2011734206235590 201248268533354 20132614544179 Total3692,2912862743220

23. Now Consider.........

24. Future Goals of Drones Drones will be used for warfare, border control, surveillance, environmental issues, social issues and will continue to expand and have develop more capabilities.

26. Drone Attacks “Although using drones to target terrorists is cheaper and poses less risk to U.S. soldiers, studies show that drone strikes have killed few high level terrorist leaders. Moreover, the President of the United States should not have the power to kill others without judicial or independent review. In fact, according to some legal experts, the use of drones to kill terrorists undermines international law.” “The U.S. has more than 7,000 drones today comparing to 50 just a decade ago. By the end of next year (2013) there will be more U.S. Air Force personnel operating drones then flying planes.”

27. Environmental Uses and Issues It is a very expensive and complicated task to get equipment out to sea, or up rugged terrain in order to take surveys of land. With the help of drones they can easily do about the same tests by simply having a camera fly out to the destination. Drones majorly put people out of risk when doing dangerous jobs involving environmental control and sustaining the environment.

28. Social Issues “The use of drones can allow increased efficiency for society; for example, they will be able to cooperate and aid emergency personnel and assume tasks for servicemen, like policemen, allowing them to focus on other pressuring issues.” “The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating a rash of incidents this fall in which thrill-seekers with small, camera toting drones have violated airspace restrictions by swooping over large outdoor sporting events.”

29. What do you think about drones? Do you think we should use drones? If so, where should we use them? Who should regulate the usage of drones? Conclusion

30. BOYLE, M. J. (2013). The costs and consequences of drone warfare. International Affairs, 89(1), 1-29. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12002 Bachman, J. (2013). Waiting for That Delivery Drone? Regulators Are in No Rush. Businessweek.Com, 3. Anderson, C. (2014). Agricultural Drones. (cover story). Technology Review, 117(3), 58-60. (2003). The Case of the 'Deadly' Drone; An unmanned aircraft with a 25-foot wingspan is at the center of a US/UN weapons controversy. The Christian Science Monitor. Benjamin, M. (2014). Good Drone, Bad Drone: How to Fix the Drone PR Problem. Time.Com, 1. Everything you need to know about Drone Technology ! - Openxcell. (2014, June 3). Retrieved April 22, 2015, from http://www.openxcell.com/everything-need-know-drone-technology/http://www.openxcell.com/everything-need-know-drone-technology/ Mothana, Ibrahim. "Drones Promote Terrorism." Drones. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2014. At Issue. Rpt. from "How Drones Help Al Qaeda." New York Times 13 June 2012. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 22 Apr. 2015 Cronin, Audrey Kurth. "Why Drones Fail." Foreign Affairs 92.4 (2013): 44. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. References