1. World Climate Research Programme 1 Master-Untertitelformat bearbeiten 1 Kevin Trenberth Chair WCRP Observation and Assimilation Panel WCRP: WMO/IOC/ICSU Kevin Trenberth Chair WCRP Observation and Assimilation Panel WCRP: WMO/IOC/ICSU Observations and their Analysis for WCRP/COPES

2. World Climate Research Programme 2 TOR for WOAP: TOR for WOAP: paraphrased  Identify climate observational requirements  Help optimize observations  Act as a focal point for WCRP interactions with other groups  Promote and coordinate analysis, reprocessing, reanalysis and assimilation  Promote and coordinate information and data management activities, including web sites. Observations include those from space platforms. TOR for WOAP: TOR for WOAP: paraphrased  Identify climate observational requirements  Help optimize observations  Act as a focal point for WCRP interactions with other groups  Promote and coordinate analysis, reprocessing, reanalysis and assimilation  Promote and coordinate information and data management activities, including web sites. Observations include those from space platforms.

3. World Climate Research Programme 3 TOR for WOAP: To identify observational requirements for climate system analysis and prediction and assist in optimization of observational strategies for sustained observation and to act as a focal point for WCRP interactions with other groups and programmes. To promote and coordinate synthesis of global observations from the atmosphere, oceans, land and cryosphere, and for the fully-coupled system, through analysis, reanalysis and assimilation activities across WCRP, including the Modelling Panel; To promote and coordinate WCRP information and data management activities, including development of web sites, in liaison with WCRP projects. Observations include those from space platforms. TOR for WOAP: To identify observational requirements for climate system analysis and prediction and assist in optimization of observational strategies for sustained observation and to act as a focal point for WCRP interactions with other groups and programmes. To promote and coordinate synthesis of global observations from the atmosphere, oceans, land and cryosphere, and for the fully-coupled system, through analysis, reanalysis and assimilation activities across WCRP, including the Modelling Panel; To promote and coordinate WCRP information and data management activities, including development of web sites, in liaison with WCRP projects. Observations include those from space platforms.

4. World Climate Research Programme 4 WOAP-1 7/ Draft and send a letter on need to exploit satellite data we already have and continue observational streams on behalf WCRP, signed by P. Lemke, to CEOS members and GEO co-chairs. Point out and endorse GCOS IP, WCRP needs, GEOSS links. Main points: 1)ensure the continuity of established capabilities; 2)need for continuity and homogeneity of observations for climate purposes; 3)need for more attention to data synthesis, reprocessing, analysis and re-analysis of existing data sets; and 4)recognition of the need for a complementary in situ observation strategy. Done 30 June Response received 15 August (not satisfactory) WOAP-1 7/ Draft and send a letter on need to exploit satellite data we already have and continue observational streams on behalf WCRP, signed by P. Lemke, to CEOS members and GEO co-chairs. Point out and endorse GCOS IP, WCRP needs, GEOSS links. Main points: 1)ensure the continuity of established capabilities; 2)need for continuity and homogeneity of observations for climate purposes; 3)need for more attention to data synthesis, reprocessing, analysis and re-analysis of existing data sets; and 4)recognition of the need for a complementary in situ observation strategy. Done 30 June Response received 15 August (not satisfactory)

5. World Climate Research Programme 5 Key points are: 1) We are not inventing new requirements 2) We are, however, trying to help establish priorities and to sharpen those: Continuity, continuity continuity: Needed in any strategy for future Reprocessing and reanalysis of past data Calibration, accuracy, benchmarks, in situ 3) Especially at risk now with NPOESS cuts in longer term.

6. World Climate Research Programme 6 WOAP-1 Reanalyses Establish a clearing house for reanalyses Develop strategy of staggering analyses, coordination Advocacy Progress in building the basic dataset Document rationale for reanalyses: atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, stratosphere, coupled. (Report written) Merits, benefits, exploitation of new data Explore proposal for a reanalysis workshop to be held at ECMWF end of June 2006. Reanalyses Conference: A proposal to hold the next major reanalysis conference in Japan in fall 2007 was passed on and approved. Topics will include: Atmosphere, ocean, coupled WOAP-1 Reanalyses Establish a clearing house for reanalyses Develop strategy of staggering analyses, coordination Advocacy Progress in building the basic dataset Document rationale for reanalyses: atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, stratosphere, coupled. (Report written) Merits, benefits, exploitation of new data Explore proposal for a reanalysis workshop to be held at ECMWF end of June 2006. Reanalyses Conference: A proposal to hold the next major reanalysis conference in Japan in fall 2007 was passed on and approved. Topics will include: Atmosphere, ocean, coupled

7. World Climate Research Programme 7 The underlying data base is not constant, and changes disrupt the climate record.  There is no baseline reference network to anchor the data  Radiosondes improve and change type over time  Satellites only after 1979, last order 5 years, drift in orbit, change instruments, calibration  Bias corrections are applied but remain imperfect  Continuity is a key issue, especially for climate change  Further technological development, change and improvement is expected.  Major challenge is to deal with changing observations The underlying data base is not constant, and changes disrupt the climate record.  There is no baseline reference network to anchor the data  Radiosondes improve and change type over time  Satellites only after 1979, last order 5 years, drift in orbit, change instruments, calibration  Bias corrections are applied but remain imperfect  Continuity is a key issue, especially for climate change  Further technological development, change and improvement is expected.  Major challenge is to deal with changing observations Reanalysis: The chief outstanding issue:

8. World Climate Research Programme 8 Conclusion: Internationally-coordinated reanalysis activities need to be enhanced and sustained by the involved Parties to meet the requirements for monitoring climate trends, to establish ocean reanalysis for the recent satellite era, and to include variables related to atmospheric composition and other aspects of climate forcing. From: Executive Summary of “ The Second Report on the Adequacy of The Global Observing Systems for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC”. Conclusion: Internationally-coordinated reanalysis activities need to be enhanced and sustained by the involved Parties to meet the requirements for monitoring climate trends, to establish ocean reanalysis for the recent satellite era, and to include variables related to atmospheric composition and other aspects of climate forcing. From: Executive Summary of “ The Second Report on the Adequacy of The Global Observing Systems for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC”.

9. World Climate Research Programme 9 WOAP-1 Reprocessing: assess variables for need and readiness, and commitments. Include in GEOSS. 5 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records For climate, the value of an observational record increases with time, provided that the record is continuous and homogeneous. As datasets are used, characteristics of the data and problems are exposed, and often solutions to problems or algorithm improvements are proposed. This is especially the case for satellite measurements. Accordingly, re-processing of the record should be an integral part of the process of creating a climate data record. WOAP-1 Reprocessing: assess variables for need and readiness, and commitments. Include in GEOSS. 5 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records For climate, the value of an observational record increases with time, provided that the record is continuous and homogeneous. As datasets are used, characteristics of the data and problems are exposed, and often solutions to problems or algorithm improvements are proposed. This is especially the case for satellite measurements. Accordingly, re-processing of the record should be an integral part of the process of creating a climate data record.

10. World Climate Research Programme 10 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records 1.Re-processing of climate data records should be motivated by a scientific goal, a specific use of the data that requires a demonstrated improvement over the currently available version or becomes possible because of improvements that can be achieved by re-processing. 2. Before re-processing commences, problems in the data record should have been identified and investigated to determine the causes of the problems and fixes or improvements should have been developed. 3. Before a data record is re-processed, the whole chain of processing from instrument calibration through retrieval to sampling should be reviewed and improvements sought. Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records 1.Re-processing of climate data records should be motivated by a scientific goal, a specific use of the data that requires a demonstrated improvement over the currently available version or becomes possible because of improvements that can be achieved by re-processing. 2. Before re-processing commences, problems in the data record should have been identified and investigated to determine the causes of the problems and fixes or improvements should have been developed. 3. Before a data record is re-processed, the whole chain of processing from instrument calibration through retrieval to sampling should be reviewed and improvements sought.

11. World Climate Research Programme 11 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records 4. The Climate Data Record Meta-data should be updated to include newly discovered aspects and characteristics of the record resulting from preparatory investigations (or any other new results) or during the re-processing and to facilitate the next re-processing. 5. An overall goal of Climate Data Record re-processing should be to increase the physical consistency among the available data products describing climate variations, as well as the continuity over time; hence, any re-processing project should also consider joint requirements with other Climate Data Records that may require coordinated re- processing of them as well. Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records 4. The Climate Data Record Meta-data should be updated to include newly discovered aspects and characteristics of the record resulting from preparatory investigations (or any other new results) or during the re-processing and to facilitate the next re-processing. 5. An overall goal of Climate Data Record re-processing should be to increase the physical consistency among the available data products describing climate variations, as well as the continuity over time; hence, any re-processing project should also consider joint requirements with other Climate Data Records that may require coordinated re- processing of them as well.

12. World Climate Research Programme 12 WOAP-1 Task group on data assimilation has written a short report on issues to be taken up by WOAP: separate data assimilation activities occur in GEWEX, CLIVAR, SPARC and CLIC. Issue of resolution of DA models and full utilization of satellite data. The data management task group will review existing WCRP web structure and sites, and make recommendations for WCRP-wide over-arching structure and site contents. The data management task group will propose a data policy for WCRP based on existing project documents. http://copes.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Organization/COPESStructure/ WGOA.html WOAP-1 Task group on data assimilation has written a short report on issues to be taken up by WOAP: separate data assimilation activities occur in GEWEX, CLIVAR, SPARC and CLIC. Issue of resolution of DA models and full utilization of satellite data. The data management task group will review existing WCRP web structure and sites, and make recommendations for WCRP-wide over-arching structure and site contents. The data management task group will propose a data policy for WCRP based on existing project documents. http://copes.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Organization/COPESStructure/ WGOA.html

13. World Climate Research Programme 13 CliC Climate and Cryospherehttp://clic.npolar.no/ CliC > CIPO CliC International Project Officehttp://clic.npolar.no/org/cipo.php CliC > SSG Scientific Steering Grouphttp://clic.npolar.no/org/ssg.php CliC > ACP Arctic Climate Panelhttp://clic.npolar.no/org/acp.php CliC > DMIP Data Management and Information Panelhttp://clic.npolar.no/org/dmip.php CliC > NEG Numerical Experimentation Grouphttp://clic.npolar.no/org/neg.php CliC > OPP Observation Products Panelhttp://clic.npolar.no/org/opp.php CLIVAR Climate Variability and Predictability Programmehttp://www.clivar.org/ CLIVAR > GOALS Global Ocean Atmosphere Land Systemhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/streams.htm#GOALS CLIVAR > DecCen Decadal-to-Centennialhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/streams.htm#DECCEN CLIVAR > ACC Anthropogenic Climate Changehttp://www.clivar.org/organization/streams.htm#ACC CLIVAR > SSG Scientific Steering Grouphttp://www.clivar.org/organization/ssg/ CLIVAR > GSOP Global Synthesis & Observations Panelhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/gsop/ CLIVAR/PAGES > Working Grouphttp://www.clivar.org/organization/pages/ CCI/CLIVAR > ETCCDMI Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices http://www.clivar.org/organization/etccd/ CLIVAR > WGSIP Working Group on Seasonal to Interannual Predictionhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/wgsip/ JSC/CLIVAR > WGCM Working Group on Coupled Modellinghttp://www.clivar.org/organization/wgcm/ CLIVAR > WGOMD Working Group on Ocean Model Developmenthttp://www.clivar.org/organization/wgomd/ CLIVAR > AAMP Asian-Australian Monsoon Panelhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/aamon/ CLIVAR > VAMOS Variability of the American Monsoon Systemshttp://www.clivar.org/organization/vamos/ CLIVAR > VACS Variability of the African Climate Systemhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/africa/vacs.htm CLIVAR > Atlantic Panelhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/atlantic/ CLIVAR > Pacific Panelhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/pacific/ CLIVAR > Indian Ocean Panelhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/indian/ CLIVAR/CliC > SOIP Southern Ocean Implementation Panelhttp://www.clivar.org/organization/southern/ CLIVAR > ICPO International CLIVAR Project Officehttp://www.clivar.org/organization/icpo/

14. World Climate Research Programme 14 GEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experimenthttp://www.gewex.org/ GEWEX > GHP GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panelhttp://ecpc.ucsd.edu/projects/ghp/ GEWEX > GHP > DMWG Data Management Working Grouphttp://www.joss.ucar.edu/ghp/ GEWEX > GHP > SWING Stable Water Isotope Intercomparison Grouphttp://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgc-synthesis/projects/SWING/ GEWEX > GHP > TWG Transferability Working Grouphttp://rcmlab.agron.iastate.edu/twg/ GEWEX > GHP > WEBS Water and Energy Budget Studieshttp://ecpc.ucsd.edu/projects/ghp/ GEWEX > GHP > WISE Worldwide Integrated Study of Extremeshttp://www.meteo.mcgill.ca/wise/ GEWEX > GHP > WRAP Water Resources Applications Projecthttp://ecpc.ucsd.edu/projects/ghp/Wrap_web/ GEWEX > GHP > AMMA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysishttp://www.amma-international.org/ GEWEX > GHP > BALTEX Baltic Sea Experimenthttp://w3.gkss.de/baltex/ GEWEX > GHP > GAME GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experimenthttp://www.hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp/game/ GEWEX > GHP > MAHASRI Monsoon Asian Hydro-Atmospheric Science Research and predictio GEWEX > GHP > GAPP GEWEX Americas Prediction Projecthttp://www.ogp.noaa.gov/mpe/gapp/ GEWEX > GHP > LBA Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazoniahttp://lba.cptec.inpe.br/lba/ GEWEX > GHP > LPB La Plata Basinhttp://www.joss.ucar.edu/platin/ GEWEX > GHP > MAGS Mackenzie GEWEX Studyhttp://www.usask.ca/geography/MAGS/ GEWEX > GHP > MDB Murray-Darling Basinhttp://www.gewex.org/mdb.html GEWEX > GRP GEWEX Radiation Panelhttp://grp.giss.nasa.gov/ GEWEX > GRP > BSRN Baseline Surface Radiation Networkhttp://www.gewex.org/bsrn.html GEWEX > GRP > GACP Global Aerosol Climatology Projecthttp://gacp.giss.nasa.gov/ GEWEX > GRP > GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Projecthttp://cics.umd.edu/~yin/GPCP//main.html GEWEX > GRP > GVaP Global Water Vapor Projecthttp://www.gewex.org/gvap.html GEWEX > GRP > ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Projecthttp://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/ GEWEX > GRP > SRB Surface Radiation Budgethttp://srb-swlw.larc.nasa.gov/Pilot_homepage.html GEWEX > GMPP GEWEX Modeling and Prediction Panel GEWEX > GMPP > GABLS GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Studyhttp://www.met.wau.nl/projects/Gabls/ GEWEX > GMPP > GCSS GEWEX Cloud System Studyhttp://www.gewex.org/gcss.html GEWEX > GMPP > GLASS Global Land Atmosphere System Studyhttp://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/GLASS/ GEWEX > GMPP > GLASS > ALMA Assistance for Land-surface Modelling activitieshttp://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/ALMA/ GEWEX > GMPP > GLASS > GLACE Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experimenthttp://glace.gsfc.nasa.gov/ GEWEX > GMPP > GLASS > GSWP-2 Global Soil Wetness Projecthttp://grads.iges.org/gswp/ GEWEX > GMPP > GLASS > PILPS Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parmeterizationhttp://www.cic.mq.edu.au/pilps-rice/

15. World Climate Research Programme 15 SPARC Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climatehttp://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC/ SPARC / IPO International Project Officehttp://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC/office.html SPARC / SSG Scientific Steering Grouphttp://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC/ssg.html WGNE Working Group on Numerical Experimentationhttp://www.wmo.ch/web/wcrp/wgne.htm WGNE / AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Projecthttp://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/projects/amip/ WGCM Working Group on Coupled Modellinghttp://www.wmo.ch/web/wcrp/wgcm.htm WGSF Working Group on Surface Fluxeshttp://www.wmo.ch/web/wcrp/wgsf.htm CEOP Coordinated Enhanced Observing Periodhttp://monsoon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ceop/ Reanalysis Centres AOPC Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climatehttp://www.wmo.ch/web/gcos/aopc.htm OOPC Ocean Observations Panel for Climatehttp://www.wmo.ch/web/gcos/oopc.htm TOPC Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climatehttp://www.wmo.ch/web/gcos/topc.htm