2. 1DNA DNA.DNA is often called the blueprint of life. That is because DNA contains the instructions for making proteins. And proteins determine the traits of an organism (you, for example).

3. 2 Where is the DNA in these pictures?

4. 3 This is a model of a DNA molecule. DNA is in the nucleus of each cell of this green plant and this green alligator. DNA is in the nucleus of each cell in the flamingo, but DNA is not in the water.

5. 4 Chromosomes and DNA Chromosomes are made of a chemical called DNA. A gene is a short section of the DNA (a short section of a chromosome). So when we are talking about chromosomes, that also includes genes and DNA. DNA makes up genes makes up a chromosome

6. 5 Chromosomes and DNA Where are the chromosomes in this picture? Protected inside the nucleus. Let’s look closely.

7. 6 The Shape of the Molecule DNA is a very long polymer. (poly +mer) The basic shape is like a ladder or zipper that has been twisted. That is why it is called a double helix. There are two sides twisted around. Think of helicopter.

8. 7 The Double Helix Molecule So the DNA double helix has two strands twisted together. Let’s look closely at one.

9. 8 of 20 One Strand of DNA Like one side of a zipper The side of the molecule is alternating phosphates and deoxyribose sugar The teeth are nitrogenous bases. (4 different bases.) phosphate deoxyribose (sugar) bases

10. 9 Four nitrogenous bases Cytosine C Adenine A Thymine T Guanine G DNA has four different bases:

11. 10 of 20 One Strand of DNA phosphate-sugar-base pattern repeats; called a nucleotide So one strand of DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. One strand of DNA has many millions of nucleotides. nucleotide

12. 11 0 Two-Stranded DNA Remember, DNA has two strands that fit together something like a zipper. And like a zipper, the two strands can unzip when they need to. Why would they need to?

13. 12 of 20

14. For reproduction! DNA DNA http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/j wanamaker/animations/DNA%20Le cture.html http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/j wanamaker/animations/DNA%20Le cture.html 13

15. 14 DNA by the Numbers Each cell has about 2 meters of DNA. The average human has 75 trillion cells. The average human has enough DNA to go from Earth to the Sun more than 400 times. DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 meters. The earth is 150 billion meters or 93 million miles from the sun.

16. Any questions? 15

17. End of notes. Plans 16

18. Plans 17

19. Plans 18

20. Plans 19

21. Plans 20

22. More plans— DNA Charm Neclaces What you need: D Detergent NeNzyme AAlcohol (cold rubbing alcohol) 21

23. Origami DNA models Color-code the bases Cut off the white border Fold according to the instructions 22