1. The generation and development of the long term Mediterranean SSR products The aims are: 1.to identify and develop of an optimal algorithm for the Mediterranean sea to produce high quality ocean color datasets for the region. 2.to provide an accurate and consistent stream of ocean colour data at a resolution and format compatible with operational forecasting of the Marine Environment. The SeaWiFS reanalysis from 1997 to 2004 A new regional algorithm for Chlorophyll retrieval

2. Bio-optical measurements: (143 chl/opt measurement points) to define the Mediterranean regional algorithm In situ chlorophyll-a data: (944 chl profiles) to validate SeaWiFS, Polder, MODIS, MERIS chlorophyll products and merged level 3 binned data produced by Mersea Mediterranean Ocean Color CAL/VAL DATA SETS 10 Mediterranean cruises: from 1998 up to now were organized by ISAC in the framework of Italian National Projects Bio-optical stations

3. MEDOC4 : R is log 10 of either the 443/560 or the 490/555 or the 510/555 band reflectance ratios. The switch from one band ratio to another one is based on the chlorophyll concentration itself (the Maximum is Chosen) THE NEW MEDITERRANEAN ALGORITHM Algorithms ALL N = 137OWP < 0.4 N = 84OWP > 0.4 N= 53 rRPDAPDrRPDAPDrRPDAPD MedOC40.910.029.20.887.825.90.83-12.334.5

4. SeaBAM N=1174 Mediterranean N=137 Optical characteristics: Mediterranean vs Global 1.Low Chlorophyll: Med Band Ration < Global Band Ratio 2.Max Ratio choice similar for Med and Global 3.Is the Med Sea Greener or less Blue then the Global Ocean?

5. Is the Med Sea Greener or less Blue then the Global Ocean? Chl < 0.1 : -blue (30%); +Green (15%) 0.1<Chl < 0.3 :+blue (12%); +Green (10%); Global generally use 443 for ratio – Med use 443 50% of the cases 490 50%. Chl >0.3 : Med and Global tend to converge

6. Mediterranean Algorithm Validation Satellite-in situ match-up stations Algorithms ALL N = 290OWP < 0.4 N = 223 rRPDAPDrRPDAPD Oc4v40.79110.6122.40.78145.7145.9 Bricaud0.8038.459.60.8151.864.2 D'Ortenzio0.7618.549.40.73 33.1 49.2 MedOC40.7716.942.60.821.339.0

7. Conclusions The analysis confirms that OC4v4 presents a remarkably bias in the oligotrophic chlorophyll range (>100%). The two regional algorithms (BRIC and DORMA) behave generally better the global OC4v4. A new Mediterranean algorithm (MedOC4) was developed. The algorithm has and percent MBE around zero in the entire range of Mediterranean conditions. The validation of the SeaWiFS products demonstrate the improvement obtained in SeaWiFS chlorophyll retrieval when the new MedOC4 is used in the processing chain. The SeaWiFS MedOC4 error is always less the 20% for chlorophyll values > 0.05 mg m-3

8. The SeaWiFS reanalysis from 1997 to 2004: reprocessing of the entire Mediterranean Sea L1A archive using MedOC4 Algorithm

9. Input Data SeaWiFS L1A data from HROM Add other station: HSPZ, HDUN,…. Add M_LAC for missing Total number of pass L1A data 6127 pass

10. The DATA PROCESSING L1A … L1A For SeaWiFS one day passes over the Mediterranean Sea L2 … L2 n-L3 … n-L3 L2bin … L2bin 22 L3 products for each L2 file chlor_a l2_flags chl_medoc4 K_490 par senz Rrs_412 Rrs_443 Rrs_490 Rrs_510 Rrs_555 Rrs_670 Rrs_765 Rrs_865 taua_412 taua_443 taua_490 taua_510 taua_555 taua_670 taua_765 taua_865 L3bin 1km 2km Top of Atmosphere Reflectances Atmospherically corrected products Mapped products Mosaicked and Merged Passes over the Mediterranean Sea

11. WHY GRID? It is an innovative solution for the data access and exchange Increased exploitation of available resources It enables new classes of large-scale, high-power applications (e.s. reprocessing of large data volumes) It is a model for future European EO Ground Segment… It enables interconnection between science computing centers It enables International cooperation in EO applications It enables the production of EO multi sensor merged products for data assimilation

12. DATA PROCESSING ON GRID UICE SE WN:Node01.. ….Node16 Gridtest03.esrin.esa.intGrid0007.esrin.esa.int Se0.artov.rm.cnr.it 1) Globus-job-submit 2) Globus-job-status 3) Globus-job-get-output Globus-url-copy UI=User Interface SE=Storage element CE=Computer Element WN=Worker node

13. The processing cost N° pass= 6127 CPU time/pass= 15 min Total processing time ~ 64 days N° pass= 6127 WN CPU time/pass= 14 min N° WN =16 Total processing time ~ 4 days GOS infrastructure ESA-CNR GRID infrastructure SeaWiFS dataset from 1997 to 2004 - 93 % Disc space exploitation Input Data: 164 GB on SE for the whole L1A dataset Output Data: 320 GB on SE for the whole L3 datasets

14. Previous algorithm NEW algorithm Difference OLD-NEW OC4.V4 Med OC4(OC4.V4) – (Med OC4) 0 -0.1 0.2 0.01 5 5 2 July 2004 The GRID products output

15. Previous algorithm NEW algorithm Difference OLD-NEW OC4.V4 Med OC4 (OC4.V4) – (Med OC4) 0 -0.80 0.3 0.01 5 5 21 April 2004

16. Med OC4 (OC4.V4) – (Med OC4) 1999 Monthly maps OC4.V4 APRIL

17. Med OC4 (OC4.V4) – (Med OC4) 1999 Monthly maps OC4.V4 JULY

18. OC4.V4 Med OC4 (OC4.V4) – (Med OC4) 1999 yearly average

20. A regional approach for the Mediterranean Sea Primary Production

21. Introduction Antoine et al.,1995 WEST MED: 197 gC m -2 y -1 EST MED: 137 gC m -2 y -1 Bosc et al.,2004 WEST MED: 155-172 gC m -2 y -1 EST MED: 114-125 gC m -2 y -1 Satellite Published values EST MED: 55-97 gC m -2 y -1 WEST MED: 78-158 gC m -2 y -1 Other

22. Depth (m) Chlorophyll (mg m -3 ) Depth (m) Chlorophyll (mg m -3 ) Introduction d= day length Ze= euphotic depth PAR(Ze)=1% PAR(0) PUR= f(PAR,T s ) C sat Z pd ZeZe Z e C tot C tot C sat From global in situ profiles Trophic states

23. PP Model Adjustment to Mediterranean Conditions 1.Develop a regional algorithm for satellite chlorophyll retrieval (DORMA, MED_OC4) 2.Develop new relation for the euphotic depth (Z e ) as function of C tot (total chlorophyll within the euphotic layer) 3.Develop a new relation between C tot and C sat 4.Define the new trophic states for the Mediterranean Sea Model adjustments

24. Z e C tot Model adjustments

25. C tot =40.6 C sat 0.459 C tot =45.03 C sat 0.595 Morel and Berthon (1989) This study C tot C sat Model adjustments

26. Ranges of Morel and Berthon: 0-0.05, 0.05-0.15, 0.15-0.3,0.3-0.45, 0.45-1.5, 1.5-5, >5 mg m -3 Model adjustments This study Morel and Berthon (1989)

27. New Ranges: 0-0.05, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-0.15, 0.15-0.4, 0.4-1.5, 1.5-5 Model adjustments

28. MED_OC4 SeaWiFS Chlorophyll from 1998 to 2004 New Ranges: 0-0.05, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-0.15, 0.15-0.4, 0.4-1.5, 1.5-5 AVHRR OISST from 1998 to 2004 SeaWiFS PAR from 1998 to 2004 INPUT DATA 7-14 April 2001

29. Model Intecomparison Bosc et al. (2004) April ‘99 December ‘99 Comparison

30. Impact of chl algorithm on PP Weekly mean of Mediterranean basin PP MedOC4 Bricaud OC4

31. Antoine et al.,1995 WEST MED: 197 gC m -2 y -1 EST MED: 137 gC m -2 y -1 Bosc et al.,2004 WEST MED: 155-172 gC m -2 y -1 EST MED: 114-125 gC m -2 y -1 Satellite This Work EST MED: 79-86 gC m -2 y -1 WEST MED: 102-125 gC m -2 y -1 our Published values EST MED: 55-97 gC m -2 y -1 WEST MED: 78-158 gC m -2 y -1 Other