1. THE SIXTIES: A DECADE OF PROTEST AND CHANGE

2. Agenda 4/10
1. Notes: the 1960s   
2. Test      

3. The Kennedy Presidency, 1960-1963
Election of 1960
JFK defeated Nixon thanks to TV
Youngest pres. elected
Domestic policy under JFK: New Frontier
Peace Corps
Space Race: John Glenn orbits earth, Armstrong & Aldrin are first on the moon

4. Foreign Policy Under JFK
Soviets build Berlin Wall in 1961
Cuba
Leader Fidel Castro had Soviet support
Bay of Pigs Invasion= failed US attempt to invade Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis= Kennedy successfully convinced the Soviets to remove their missiles from Cuba
Closest the world ever came to nuclear war**

5. JFK Assassination
Nov. 22, 1963
Dallas, TX

6. The Johnson Presidency, 1963-1968
The Great Society “War on Poverty”
CRA of 1964
VRA of 1965
Medicare
Job Corps
Economic Opp. Act
Immigration Act of 1965= identical quotas (limits) for the number of immigrants each country can send to the US

7. Agenda 4/10 1. Notes 2. Court Cases jigsaw activity
**Review TOMORROW 9-12

8. The Women’s Liberation Movement
Aka Feminist Movement
Reasons:
Dissatisfaction
CRM influence
“Sexual Revolution”
Betty Friedan– wrote The Feminine Mystique
Housewives are unhappy
Helped for the National Organization of Women (NOW)

9. The Women’s Liberation Movement
Achievements:
Better educational opportunities (affirmative action)
Equal Pay Act= same pay for same work
Roe v. Wade (1973)- legalized abortion within the first 3 months of pregnancy
Title IX- guarantees girls the same opportunities as boys in school

10. The Expanding Struggle for Equal Rights: Increasing African-American Militancy
Black Power= blacks should be economically, culturally, and politically independent from whites
Other militant groups
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Black Muslims
Malcolm X
Muslim leader who questions MLK’s nonviolent approach. Blacks should achieve rights “by any means necessary”.

11. The Expanding Struggle for Equal Rights: Increasing African-American Militancy
Many blacks in the north lived in ghettos
Riots erupted following the assassination of MLK

12. The Expanding Struggle for Equal Rights: The Chicano Movement
Hector Perez Garcia– Texan who was first Mexican American to serve on Commission on Civil Rights
Cesar Chavez– organized successful grape boycott for improved wages/conditions for farm workers
Dolores Huerta– helped Chavez form the United Farm Workers

13. The American Indian Movement (AIM)
Slogan: “Red Power”
Indians sought greater respect for their heritage
Temporary occupied gov. monument at Wounded Knee

14. The “Youth Culture” of the Sixties
Aka counterculture
Influenced by rock music
Hippies
26th Amendment– lowered voting age to 18

15. The Vietnam War, 1954-1973 Background:
Ho Chi Minh- Vietnamese nationalist leader
Geneva Conference
Divided Vietnam (N was communist, S wasn’t)
Planned to reunite after elections
Vietcong (Southern Commies) & North Vietnamese attacked SV government

16. The War under JFK,
Domino theory= if a nation becomes communist, then the surrounding nations will too, and on and on…

17. The War under LBJ,
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- LBJ could send troops to war (escalation) w/o a declaration from Congress
New weapons: napalm (gas jelly) and Agent Orange (herbicide)
Destroyed the jungle

18. The War under LBJ,
Tet Offensive- Vietcong launched attack against SV, capturing major cities including Saigon
Turning point: Americans realize victory is far away
Roy Benavidez- Texan who won medal of honor for efforts in Vietnam

19. The War under LBJ, 1963-1968 Increasing difficulties for the US:
$25B/year
Ho Chi Minh= “father” of Vietnam
Vietcong guerilla warfare
Growing discontent: the Anti-War Movement
Media shaped public opinion (1st war on TV)
“credibility gap”– difference between what Pres. LBJ said & what journalists reported

20. Agenda 4/14
1. finish Vietnam notes
2. court case flashcard activity

21. The War under Nixon, 1969-1973 LBJ chose not to run for reelection
Nixon promised “peace w/honor” during campaign
Henry Kissinger- Nixon’s Sec. of State
Vietnamization= US troops gradually withdraw as SV takes over fighting
Secret bombing of Laos & Cambodia
Nixon negotiated w/NV’s allies (China & USSR)

22. The War under Nixon,
Anti-war demonstration at Kent State University leaves 4 students dead
“silent majority”= Nixon’s supporters who quietly still supported the war
Pentagon Papers- leaked documents that showed that several presidents before Nixon lied to the public about Vietnam

23. The War under Nixon,
The fall of Saigon marked the end of the war (1975)
US troops withdrew in 1973
Legacy of the Vietnam War
Over 58,000 Americans killed (1m + Vietnamese)
Economic: ended some Great Society programs; led to inflation
War Powers Resolution (1973): Pres. must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending troops to fight overseas. If Congress doesn’t approve within 60 days, the Pres. must withdraw the troops.

24. Post-war Literature, Art, and Music
Beat Generation writers
Care-free, reckless, fresh approach
Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac
Music:
Rock and roll: Elvis, Little Richard
Motown

25. Post-war Literature, Art, and Music
Jackson Pollock
Andy Warhol

26. Mendez v. Westminster ISD– segregation of children of a group was illegal w/o a special state law requiring it
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD– segregated Mexican American children in Texas is illegal
Hernandez v. Texas–Mexican Americans, though not a separate race, are entitled to class protection under the 14th Amendment
White v. Regester– allowed single-member districts to elect their own representatives
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby– required changes in school finance to increase funding for schools in poorer school districts