1. Changing the record: workshop on transition to MARC 21 CILIP Cataloguing & Indexing Group, September 2007

2. Today’s Speakers Andrew Coburn Acquisitions & Cataloguing Manager, Essex CC Libraries Heather Jardine Bibliographical Access Manager, City of London Libraries

3. Purpose of the workshop To facilitate planning for transition to MARC 21 To identify strategic and technical issues arising from MARC 21 implementation To introduce MARC 21 to UKMARC users: –Structural differences –Cataloguing Impacts But! “Changing the record” is not a training course.

4. Overview Transition to MARC 21 –Timing the change –Systems issues –Business issues –Migration Issues –Discussion MARC 21 and UKMARC –Format comparisons –Record structure –Cataloguing implications –MARC XML –Maintenance –Discussion

5. 1. Transition to MARC 21

6. Why MARC 21? Cost: Reduced systems costs and increased choice Access to derived cataloguing sources Interoperability No conversion routines required Broadcast Search & Z39.50 Development Platform UNICODE XML RDA: Resource Description & Access.

7. UKMARC Development frozen (Update 6, 2001) BL committed to supporting UKMARC products for 3 years after transition to MARC 21, i.e. until June 2007. Consultation UKMARC products Feb 2007. Stakeholders notified that: –Support for UKMARC version of BNB will be extended to December 2008. –Support for other UKMARC products will end on 31 st December 2007

8. Timing the change: local factors System Procurement Cycle System Supplier Resources Parent Bodies / Partners / Collaborators /

9. Systems issues Interoperability Import/Export Character sets Conversion routines OPAC display Retrieval / Indexing

10. Business Issues Cooperation Record supply Training

11. Migration Issues Types of data Principles UKMARC Data Mapping Character Set Conversion Deduplication

12. Types of data Bibliographic data Authority data Acquisitions data Holdings data Circulation data

13. Migration principles Issues –Resources –Involve the business –Work with your supplier –Know your data Important questions –Which data are essential? –Can they be extracted? –How much data do you need? –Whose data is it anyway? –Where does the data go? –What is it used for?

14. Data Mapping Comprehensive UKMARC/MARC 21 Mapping available from BL USEMARCON software available from BL. Local implementations of UKMARC may diverge from the standard. System vendor conversion Know your own data!

15. Data Mapping Getting to know your data: Evaluation tools File statistics Local manuals Past practice Document decisions

16. Data Mapping The BL mapping does not support: –Invalid record structures –Local data: fields, subfields and coded values –Subdirectories/subrecords –Embedded references

17. Character Sets UKMARC British Library Exchange Character Set (BLECS) Mappings from BLECS Check your character set MARC 21 MARC-8 (8-bit encoding) UCS/UNICODE (ISO/IEC 10646) UTF-8 (8/16 bit encoding) Repertoire of 15,000+ characters Latin; Cyrillic; Hebrew; Arabic; CJK

18. Deduplication Is it necessary for you? Integrating different systems Integrating different collections/catalogues Bibliographic data Acquisitions data –e.g. vendor records Understand data migration options

19. Deduplication Matching Criteria System numbers Standard Numbers Validation Textual data Coded data

20. Deduplication Matching Criteria System numbers Standard Numbers Validation Textual data Coded data Actions on matched records –Overwrite/Replace Loss of data –Merge Complex rules –Other options Special rules for controlled fields Identify “potential matches”

21. 2. MARC 21 and UKMARC

22. Overview Transition to MARC 21 –Timing the change –Systems issues –Business issues –Migration Issues –Discussion MARC 21 and UKMARC –Format comparisons –Record structure –Cataloguing implications –MARC XML –Maintenance –Discussion

23. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks Tagging Indicators Subfields Punctuation Character positions

24. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks 00XControl Fields 0XXIdentification Fields 1XXMain entry 2XXTitle 3XXPhysical Description 4XXSeries 5XXNotes 6XXSubject 7XXAdded/Linking Entry 8XXCooperation 9XXLocal Use

25. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks Tagging Tags have 3 digits, as in UKMARC Tags are defined independently for each MARC 21 format Certain tags may be used in more than one format Tagging is not consistent with UKMARC XX9, X9X, 9XX reserved for local use. (Exception: 490 Series Statement )

26. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks Tagging Indicators 0-9 a-z (permitted but not used) # blank = undefined

27. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks Tagging Indicators Subfields ‡ = Subfield marker Range: a-z, 0-9 9 is “local” Control Subfields Consistency

28. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks Tagging Indicators Subfields Punctuation MARC 21 independent of content standards: e.g. AACR2 ISBD punctuation is not generated from subfields - usually Cataloguers supply Derived cataloguing / Templates / System Validation

29. MARC 21: content designation Data blocks Tagging Indicators Subfields Punctuation Character positions Different numbering conventions UKMARC by position first position=1 008/01-06 = date entered on file MARC 21 by displacement first position =0 008/00-05= date entered on file Authorities subfield $w

30. MARC 21 Family of Formats Bibliographic Authority Holdings Classification Community Information

31. Bibliographic Format a carrier for bibliographic information about printed and manuscript textual materials, computer files, maps, music, serials, visual materials and mixed materials. Commonly includes titles names, subjects, notes, publication data, and information about the physical description of an item.

32. Authority Format a carrier for information concerning the authorized forms of names, [titles,]subjects, and subject subdivisions to be used in constructing access points in MARC records, the forms of these names, subjects and subdivisions that should be used as references to the authorized form, and the relationships among these forms

33. Holdings a carrier for holdings information for three types of bibliographic items: single-part; multipart; serial and may include: copy-specific information; information peculiar to the holding institution; information needed for local processing, maintenance or preservation; version information.

34. Classification a carrier for information about classification numbers and the captions associated with them that are formulated according to a specified authoritative classification scheme

35. Community Information a carrier for descriptions of non-bibliographic resources that fulfil the information needs of a community.

36. Material Types Format integration Interrelationship of Leader, 008, 006, 007 Rich descriptive data for wider range of material types than UKMARC FILTERING LABELLING CLUSTERING

37. Material Types Record Leader (Label) – /06 = Type of record –language material –printed music –manuscript music –cartographic material –manuscript cartographic material –projected medium –electronic resources –non musical sound recording –kits, etc.

38. Material Types Record Leader (Label) –/06 = Type of material –/07 = Bibliographic Level monographic component part serial component part collection subunit monograph/Item serial integrating resource

39. Material Types Record Label (Leader) –/06 = Type of record –/07 = Bibliographic level Control Field 008 –Fixed length data elements general information. all materials books computer files maps music serials visual materials mixed materials

40. Material Types Record Label (Leader) –/06 = Type of material –/07 = Class Control Field 008 Control Field 006 –Fixed length data elements additional material characteristics - General information books computer files maps mixed materials music serials visual materials

41. Material Types Record Label (Leader) –/06 = Type of material –/07 = Class Control Field 008 Control Field 006 Control Field 007 –Physical Description Fixed Field general Information map computer file globe tactile Material projected Graphic microform non-projected graphic

42. “In” Analytics UKMARC 002 Subdirectory not supported Added entries –Name-title entries 774 “Constituent Unit Entry” Linking Field –Upward link from constituent unit record to host record –Reciprocal links between constituent units and host

43. Titles MARC 21 130 Main entry -uniform title 240Uniform title 243Collective Uniform Title 245Title statement 246Varying form of title 247 Former title or title variations UKMARC 240.3 240 243 245 745

44. Multiparts No 248 field in MARC 21 Change of cataloguing policy for multiparts BL follows LCRIs: –Records for individual volumes linked by series statement –Unitary records using 505 contents note –248 retrospectively mapped to 245 $n $p. –Maintenance may be necessary to ensure consistency over time.

45. Control Subfields $5 Institution to which field applies Indicates that the contents of the field relate to a specific institution only. Contains the MARC Organization code. May be used to strip out local data.

46. Control Subfields $6 LinkageLinks fields that are different script representations of each other. Used to link “regular” fields to field 880. Reciprocal. Contains identification of related field.

47. Control Subfields $8 Field link and sequence number Links and sequences fields. Field link type: –Consituent item –Reproduction 85X-87X holdings

48. Non-Roman Scripts Νατίβ σρέάδερς φίύδ Ρώμάυίσεδ σκριπτ διφφικύλτ τό κομπρήένδ

49. Non-Roman Scripts Native speakers find Romanised script difficult to comprehend

50. Non-Roman Scripts Native speakers find Romanised script difficult to comprehend MARC 21 enables records to be presented in the script most suited to the audience. Subject to systems, browsers, fonts, printers etc…

51. Non-Roman Scripts LDR nam a2200313 4500 008010427s1975 ir b d 001 0 per d 1001|6 880-01 |a Kiyā, Ṣādiq. 24510 |a Āẓarīgān : |6 880-02 : |b āgāhī-hāʾī darʹbārah-i gūyish-i aẓarī / |c az Ṣādiq Kiyā. 260|6 880-03 |a Tihrān : |b s.n., |c 1354 [1975 or 1976] 4901|6 880-04 |a Andīshah-i Nīk ; |v 2 8801 ‫ |6 100-01/(3/ r |a كيا، صادق. 8801 ‫ |6 245-02/(3/ r |a آذريگان : | b آگاهيهائى دربارۀ گويش آذرى / | c از صادق كيا. 880 ‫ |6 260-03/(3/ r |a تهران : | b s.n. ، |c ٤٥٣١. 8801 ‫ |6 490-04/(3/ r |a انديشه نيك ؛ | v ٢ Model A

52. Non-Roman Scripts 1001 |a Gorky, Maksim, |d 1868-1936 24510|a [9-ое января.] Der 9. Januar. Die Ereignisse in Petersburg am 9. Januar 1905, etc. | c(Einzige autorisierte U ̈ bersetzung aus dem Russischen von Erich Boehme). Model B

53. MARC 21 and XML MARC is only used by libraries XML is the standard industry mark up –Web applications –ONIX format used by book trade Libraries operate in a mixed environment where bibliographic data needs to be shared between sectors, e.g. with records offices, archives or museums Digitisation projects use XML wrappers, such as METS.

54. MARCXML Schema Conversion (lossless and roundtrippable) Stylesheets Validation

55. MODS & MADS MODS = Metadata Object Description Schema XML Schema (lossy) Simplified but rich descriptive metadata schema Enable creation of original resource description records METS Extension schema for description MADS = Metadata Authority Description Schema Companion to MODS for authority data

56. Taxonomy of maintenance input groups

57. Format Maintenance National Libraries –Library of Congress –Library & Archives Canada –British Library –[Deutsche Nationalbibliothek?] National Consultative Committees –UK: BIC Bibliographic Standards Group (BSG) –Canada: Canadian Committee on MARC –USA: MARC Advisory Committee

58. Format Maintenance Maintenance process –National debate –Discussion Paper (January or June) –Proposal (January or June) –Approval (January or June) –Revision issued (November) –Implementation announced (usually 6 months)

59. References Moving to MARC 21 http://www.bl.uk/ukmarc/marc21move.html Conversion Tables: email to: marc-tables@bl.uk MARC 21 website http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/

60. Training Providers Email: training@cilip.org.uktraining@cilip.org.uk Telephone. 020 7255 0560 Textphone: 020 7255 0505 Fax: 020 7255 0561 http://www.cilip.org.uk/training/training/ Introduction to MARC 21 Moving on in MARC 21: computer & web resources