1. The Personal pathway to doping
The concept of ‘Individual Risk’ and its implications to sport
Amanda Batt, Education Manager

2. Objectives of the session
To share and debate the view that ‘doping’ is more than a sport-specific problem
To propose ‘doping as an individual risk’ as a concept
To discuss integration of traditional risk based models to a model that has ‘humans’ at the centre

3. Why
How
When
Who
What
Progress to date

4. core influencers Wider societal influences Influencers Athlete stages
Role
models
Coaches
UKAD/NGBs
Parents
Health
professionals
Influencers
Teachers
Peers
UKAD/NGBs
Coaches
Parents
Health
professionals
Role models
Peers
Teachers
Beginner
Gifted and talented
Performance development
Performance
High performance
Elite
Athlete stages

5. Progress to date Complimented Lance Armstrong case
Why
How
When
Who
What
Progress to date
Complimented Lance Armstrong case
Athletes can dope, will dope, can get away with it. We would be silly if we didn't ignore, the learning's....even if this was a while ago, we would be ignoring

6. Athletes as people
This is the starting point...as phenomenal as they are
What do we know about people?
Acceptance that doping is a ‘behaviour’
Negative behaviour
Covert behaviour D O P I N G
Anybody could...
Cant say blanketly they no body will and everyone will

7. So, what do we know Human Nature Athlete development Sociology
Performance
Psychology

8. Research
Undertaking by Professor Mike McNamee and Dr Andrew Bloodworth, University of Swansea
2009 Longitudinal study of attitudes to
doping
Anticipating Doping behaviours: A review of literature and its implications
2011 Redefined phase 5 of study
2012 Doping as an individual risk

9. Main Conclusions
Doping is a behaviour where a doping decision is preceded by instability, a problem
Common tipping points include:
Career instability, peer pressure, relax from stress, injury before major event, performance plateau, personal distress outside of sport, physiological weaknesses, finance, end of career etc.
Wider attitudes:
Social drugs, adolescent peer groups, family support, early specialisation, sympathy with dopers, supplement use, attitudes of significant others, win at all costs, lack of lifestyle/balance, perception of use
Personality, culture and society
Sport specify and in-depth interventions are required

10. = Point of Intervention external influence eg reinforcement
Doping
2 YEARS
POI
Personal
Personality (risk taking)
Attitudes
Beliefs (detection)
Values
Morals
Attribution (internal/external)
Low self-esteem
High trait anxiety
Personal distress
Motivation (internal/external)
Low resilience/coping skills
Social
Family (upbringing)
Relationship with Parents
Peers and peer norms
Social norms
Sport
Early sport experience (high competition)
Sport norms
Sport culture (professional, profile, sponsorship)
Closed sporting environment
Low regard for health (play on mentality)
Supplement use
Lifestyle
Lack of balance in life
Limited nutritional knowledge
Previous lifestyle behaviours (social drugs, alcohol)
Attitudes
Values
Beliefs
DECISION
Active/Passive
Supplement Use
Dabble
POSITIVE
(ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED)
REINFORCEMENT
POI
POI
Options
DECISION INFLUENCERS
Ease , availability, detection, cost/benefit, anticipated regret
SELF-JUSTIFICATION
external influence eg reinforcement
POSITIVE
POI
POI
POI
POI
Problem
Injury
Transition
Finance (maintain, prospect of)
Change in training
Change in results
Career instability
Family problems
Stress
Fear of failure
Pressure – Individual, societal, peer
Intention
Action
Experience
Habit
Behaviour
Supplement....it is important this is recognised, the industry is not going away. Supplements...are just that, they should causes for concern
AB link
INFLUENCE
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
POI
TIPPING POINT
POI
Stop

11. external influence eg reinforcement
DISCUSSION
Doping
2 YEARS
Personal
Personality (risk taking)
Attitudes
Beliefs (detection)
Values
Morals
Attribution (internal/external)
Low self-esteem
High trait anxiety
Personal distress
Motivation (internal/external)
Low resilience/coping skills
Social
Family (upbringing)
Relationship with Parents
Peers and peer norms
Social norms
Sport
Early sport experience (high competition)
Sport norms
Sport culture (professional, profile, sponsorship)
Closed sporting environment
Low regard for health (play on mentality)
Supplement use
Lifestyle
Lack of balance in life
Limited nutritional knowledge
Previous lifestyle behaviours (social drugs, alcohol)
Attitudes
Values
Beliefs
DECISION
Active/Passive
Supplement Use
Dabble
POSITIVE
(ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED)
REINFORCEMENT
Options
DECISION INFLUENCERS
Ease , availability, detection, cost/benefit, anticipated regret
SELF-JUSTIFICATION
external influence eg reinforcement
POSITIVE
Problem
Injury
Transition
Finance (maintain, prospect of)
Change in training
Change in results
Career instability
Family problems
Stress
Fear of failure
Pressure – Individual, societal, peer
Intention
Action
Experience
Habit
Behaviour
Supplement....it is important this is recognised, the industry is not going away. Supplements...are just that, they should causes for concern
AB link
INFLUENCE
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
TIPPING POINT
Stop

12. Risk-based approach Risk-based approach Accountability
Systematic risk analysis, tools and tactics
Knowledge and information management
Social process, behaviour and culture

13. Low risk Medium risk Higher risk
1:1 interventions, professional support
Education, engagement, effective decision making, deterrent tactics
Information and awareness
Reinforcement of main messages
Empower use of tools e.g Global DRO

14. Final thoughts Doping is a ‘risky behaviour’....
Athletes are people first, athletes second and people Have a relationship with risk
Doping is a ‘risky behaviour’....
....an individual risk
We need ‘people’ at the heart of our evidenced based risk assessment