1. Using Fitness Devices and Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology in Measuring Energy Expenditure and Distance Walked Over Flat and Incline Surfaces Rebecca Reed Arizona Space Grant Consortium The University of Arizona April 17, 2010

2. A special thanks to: Nobuko Kay Hongu, PhD (Mentor): Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Department of Nutritional Sciences Scott Going, PhD: Professor, Department Nutritional Sciences Barron Orr, PhD: Arid Lands Studies (UA); Geospatial Extension Specialist Martha Mosqueda (Advisor): Department of Nutritional Sciences

3. Overview 1.Relevance and Purpose of study 2.Methodology -Technology 3.Results 4.Analysis & Conclusions

4. Relevance and Purpose Accurate measure of Physical Activity (PA) –Research studies with PA as outcome or intervention –Losing weight, maintaining healthy weight Purpose: Evaluate the accuracy of five fitness devices in estimating distance and energy expenditure (EE), as compared to the criterion and standard values, while traversing flat and incline surfaces

5. Technology Garmin Forerunner 305 (GPS watch) Omron HJ-720 pedometer RT3 accelerometer Actigraph GT1M accelerometer Omron HJ-303 pedometer

6. Methodology N= 21 (10 female, 11 male) Gender, height, weight, age recorded Instrumentation

7. ParticipantParticipant Flat Surface 3x Trials Data Averages Inclined Surface 5 km/hr 3 km/hr 5 km/hr 3x Trials Distance 4 Devices 5 Devices EE

8. Statistical Analysis of Results Calculated mean difference scores (Device A-Device B) –Example (RT3 EE- HJ720 EE) = 23.95 kcal Used ANCOVAs to determine significant differences in mean difference scores

9. Results and Significance 3 km/hr 5 km/hr 3 km/hr 5 km/hr EE Mean Measurements Stairs Track * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Significantly different from RT3; P <0.05 *

10. Results and Significance Distance Mean Measurements 3 km/hr 5 km/hr 3 km/hr 5 km/hr Stairs * * * * * *Significantly different from standard; P <0.05

11. Conclusions It matters what fitness device you use Fitness devices are valuable tools Increase PA in children and youth

12. Acknowledgements Catalina Foothills High School Arizona Coopertive Extensions Office of Arid Land Studies Nutritional Sciences Department Physiology Department

13. Thank you!

14. How does GPS work ? 24 satellites orbiting Earth –Transmit electromagnetic waves to GPS receiver Can calculate distance between GPS receiver and satellites –Receiver location can be measured Use trilateration to determine position, speed, elevation