1. Globalization, Women, Food

2. So far Shift in power balance – from whom to who? Who lost power? Who gained power? How? Through what mechanisms?

3. Gender perspective Gave us exactly what??? Emphasis on structure Emphasis on human agency What does the Café Femenino story tell you? What does the story of Filipino workers tell you? Different ways of knowing…

4. Café Femenino Ownership and control Collective vs individual Production vs finance Also a ‘global value chain’ What is the difference?

5. Food Food and power relations ‘Traditional’ power relations around food Shifting power relations with globalization Restructuring from household to the global political economy

6. US imperialism and food Farm support policy Marshall Plan Public Law 480 – Food for peace US global domination through FP Green Revolution

7. Contradictions “Just as competition between US and European export subsidies was beginning, and as Green Revolution agriculture was reducing demand for imports in some Third World markets, a new factor appeared: economic ties between the US and the Soviet Union, countries which had not traded during the Cold War. The main feature was a mammoth grain deal, which removed so much wheat, corn and soy from world markets that prices tripled between 1972 and 1974. This stimulated what was then called a "food crisis." Barndt, Debra (Editor). Women Working The NAFTA Food Chain: Women, Food and Globalization.

8. Plus Debt crisis Oil Crisis IMF conditionalities Removal of subsidies New arrangements such as NAFTA

9. Processes in Mexico Eviction from the ejidos Work in Export processing zones Commodification of food

10. More and more people in Mexico and in other countries around the world, many of them from peasant communities, work to produce food that they may not ever eat themselves. Instead, they are supplying world markets and often eat what comes back to them from world markets. For example, tomato workers in Mexico cannot afford to buy the fruit they pick and pack for US and Canadian markets. They cannot produce their own food either. They will use their meagre wages to buy food. Barndt, Debra (Editor). Women Working The NAFTA Food Chain: Women, Food and Globalization. Toronto, ON, CAN: Sumach Press, 1999. p 48.

11. Nature of workforce A core ‘skilled’ workforce trained in Fordist Methods A ‘peripheral’ work force that is flexible and disposable The nature of work determined entirely by workers and not employers “unproductive’ workers disposed Surplus labour

12. What does this mean for development? We examined Development as modernization Development as capability Development as reconfiguration of social power CF: said income was the key thing. Yet many researchers show that incomes don’t bring empowerment.?