2. Why Aid for Education to India? Christopher Colclough and Anuradha De

3. Main question: in what ways and to what extent has aid influenced educational policy in India Methods: -Documentary sources -Interviews amongst government, aid community and NGOs The paper is Work in Progress

4. Changed Aid Intentions 1990-2000 Education, aid and Development – the shift to basics -Changing priorities in aid to education -Jomtien Conference 1990 -Aid promises not met by 2000 and resource gap increased -Millennium Conference and the MDGs

5. New Instruments and Modalities Aid Effectiveness – selectivity Paris Declaration Programme Aid – SWAPs -Budgetary Support

8. Aid to Education in India Donor Interests -Poverty focus (Primary ed) -Effectiveness of spending -transparency -agreement on policy objectives National Interests -resources -international best practice -monitoring systems -advocacy

9. Expenditure allocations for Elementary Education during different Plans Five Year PlanTotal Approved External Aid received External aid approved 7 th Plan 1987-1992 658.498.62 8 th Plan 1992-1997 4006.55613.62632 9 th Plan 1997-2002 1475440938724 10 th Plan 2002-2007 28750-4904 (Rs. Crore) Source: Annual Financial Statistics, GOI, relevant years

10. Estimates of Foreign aid to Elementary Education in India YearExternal aid to elementary education YearExternal aid to elementary education 1992-3*4.002001-2**1212.34 1993-4*9.762002-3**1383.09 1994-5*103.332003-4**939.59 1995-6*215.942004-5**683.45 1996-7*201.622005-6**1996.5 1997-8*561.892006-7**1647 1998-9*585.32007-8**1677.6 1999-2000#7292008-9**1584 2000-1#948 *Aid to CSS in EE: Bashir (2000), @aid to EE: Tilak (2008), **BE for edu projects in central Plan, expenditure budgets of GOI (Rs. Crore)

11. Modalities Phase 1: Increasing Aid Many Projects Several Donors DPEP

12. Distribution of Central Expenditure across Centrally Sponsored Schemes in Elementary Education 1991- 92 1992- 93 1993- 94 1994- 95 1995- 96 1996- 97 1997- 98 1998- 99 1999- 2000 2000- 01 2002-7 Tch Tng 14.926.428.421.88.96.43.95.85.46.13.2 NFE14.114.346.637.012.710.18.15.85.45.20.0 OB62.049.97.86.122.317.813.311.110.213.50.2 Midday Meal 0.0 36.751.047.251.051.139.920.5 DPEP (EAP) 0.0 1.526.516.711.724.720.120.425.213.9 Other EAP 0.0 7.95.12.3 2.2 2.82.2 Other8.99.47.83.60.40.70.54.05.27.357.2* (per cent) * domestic component of SSA

13. Modalities Phase 2: Decline in Aid Shift from Project to Programme Support Donors’ Changing Role

14. Summing Up Impact of Donors on Policy Why Aid? What of the Future?

15. End Thank you