1. Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS fredk@arl.wustl.edu Supercharged PlanetLab Platform, Control Overview Fred Kuhns fredk@arl.wustl.edu Applied Research Laboratory Washington University in St. Louis

2. 2 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 GPE NPE GPE LC RTM Switch Prototype Organization One NP blade (with RTM) implements Line Card –separate ingress/egress pipelines Second NP hosts multiple slice fast-paths –multiple static code options for diverse slices –configurable filters and queues GPEs run standard Planetlab OS with vServers Lookup (1 ME) Rx (1 ME) Tx (1 ME) Queue Manager (2 ME) Key Extract (1 ME) Hdr Format (1 ME) TCAM DRAM SRAM Lookup (2 ME) ExtRx (2 ME) IntTx (2 ME) Queue Manager (2 ME) Key Extract (2 ME) Hdr Format (1 ME) Lookup (2 ME) Key Extract (1 ME) IntRx (2 ME) ExtTx (2 ME) Queue Manager (2 ME) Rate Monitor (1 ME) Hdr Format (1 ME) TCAM DRAM SRAM DRAM SRAM external interface switch interface ingress side egress side

3. 3 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Connecting an SPP sw gpe npe LC(s) SPP East Coast West Coast Local/Regional Ethernet SW point-to-point RR plab/SPP CP Host ARP: endstations and intermediate routers Host For now assume there is just a single connection to the public Internet

4. 4 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 … NPE NPU-A NPU-B xscale SPI TCAM PCI GE SCD System Block Diagram …… Base Ethernet Switch (1Gbps, control) NPE NPU-A NPU-B xscale SPI NPEGPE 10 x 1GbE RTM TCAM … LC RTM GPE interfaces PCI Standalone GPEs Shelf manager I 2 C (IPMI) Control Processor ( CP ) Fabric Ethernet Switch (10Gbps, data path) GE SPP Node External Interfaces vnet Substrate Control Daemon (SCD) Boot and Configuration Control (BCC) SCDNMPRMP user slivers Hub pl_netflow tftp, dhcpd ARP Table FIB flow stats (netflow) System Resource Manager (SRM) sshd* System Node Manager (SNM) httpd* user info flow stats BCC boot files routed* route DB Resource DB Slivers DB nodeconf.xml NAT & Tunnel filters (in/out) All flow monitoring done at Line Card move pl_netflow to cp? manage LC Tables PLC ReBoot how?? bootcd sppnode.txt cacert.pem boot_server plnode.txt Power Control Unit (has own IP Address)

5. 5 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Software Components Utilities: parts of BCC to generate config and distribution files –Node configuration and management: generate config files, dhcp, tftp, ramdisk –Boot CD and distribution file management (images, RPM and tar files) for GPEs and CP. Control processor: –Boot and Configuration Control ( BCC ) –System Resource Manager ( SRM ) –System Node Manager ( SNM ) –user authentication and ssh forwarding daemon –http daemon providing a node specific interface to netflow data ( planetflow ) –Routing protocol daemon (BGP/OSPF/RIP) for maintaining FIB in Line Card General Purpose Element ( GPE ) –Local Boot Manager ( LBM ): Modified BootManager running on the GPEs –Resource Manager Proxy ( RMP ) –Node Manager Proxy ( NMP ), that is the required changes to existing Node Manager software. Network Processor Element ( NPE ) –Substrate Control Daemon ( SCD, formally known as wuserv ) –kernel module to read/write memory locations ( wumod ) –Command interpreter for configuring NPU memory ( wucmd ) –Modified Radisys and Intel source; ramdisk ; Linux kernel Line Card –ARP : protocol and error notifications. Lookup table entries have either the NH IP or an ethernet address Sliver packets which can not be mapped to an Ehternet address must receive error notifications. –netflow -like stat collection and reporting to CP for display on web and downloading by PLC. –FIB in lookup table maintained by the SRM –NAT lookup entries for unregistered traffic originating from GPE or CP

6. 6 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Boot and Configuration Control

7. 7 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Boot and Configuration Control Read config file and allocate IP subnets and addresses for substrate Initialize Hub (delegate to SRM) –base and fabric switches –Initialize any switches not within the chassis Create dhcp configuration file and start daemon –assigns control IP subnets and addresses –assigns internal substrate IP subnet on fabric Ethernet Initialize Line Card to forward all traffic to CP –Use the control interface, base or front panel (Base only connected to NPUA). –All ingress traffic sent to CP –What about Egress traffic when we are multi-homed, either through different physical ports or one port with more than one next hop? We could assume only one physical port and one next hop. This is a general issue, the general solution is to run routing protocols on the CP and keep the line card’s TCAM up to date. Start remaining system level services (i.e. daemons) –wuarl daemons –system daemons: sshd*, httpd, routed* System Node Manager maintains user login information for ssh forwarding

8. 8 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Boot and Configuration Control Assist GPE in booting: –Download from PLC SPP specific version of the BootManager and NodeManager tar/rpm distributions. –Downloads/maintains Planetlab bootstrap distribution Updated BootCD –The boot CD contains SPP config file with CP address, spp_config. –No modifications to initial boot scripts, they contact the BCC over the fabric interface (using the substrate IP subnet) and download the next stage. GPEs obtain distribution files from the BCC on the CP: –SPP changes are confined to the BootManager and NodeManager sources (that is the plan) –PLC Database updated to place all SPP nodes in the “SPP” Node Group, we use this to trigger additional “special” processing. –Modified BootManager scripts configure control interfaces (Base) and 2 Fabric interfaces (2 per Hub). –Creates/Updates spp_config file on GPE node –Installs BootStrap source then overwrites the NodeManager with our modified version.

9. 9 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Node Manager

10. 10 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 System Node Manager Logically the top-half of the PlanetLab Node Manager PLC API method GetSlivers() : –periodically call PLC for current list of slices assigned to this node –assign system slivers to each GPE, then split application slivers across available GPEs –keep persistent tables to handle daemon crashes or local device reboots Local GetSlivers() (xmlrpc interface) to GPEs –Node Manager Proxys (per GPE) list of allocated slivers along with other node specific data {timestamp, list of configuration files, node id, node groups, network addresses, assigned slivers} Resource management across GPEs –Manage Pool and VM RSpec assignment for each GPE: opportunity to extend RSpecs to account for distributed resources. –Perform ‘top-half’ processing of the per GPE NMP api (exported to sliver on this only). Calls on one GPE may impact resource assignments or sliver status on a different GPE: { Ticket(), GetXIDs(), GetSSHKeys(), Create(), Destroy(), Start(), Stop(), GetEffectiveRSpec(), GetRSpec(), GetLoans(), validate_loans(), SetLoans() } Currently the node manager uses CA Certs and SSH keys when communicating with PLC, we will need to do the same. But we can relax security between SNM and the NMPs. Tightly coupled with the System Resource Manager –Maintain a globally unique (to the node) Sliver ID which corresponds to what we call the meta-router ID and make available to SRM when enabling fast path processing (VLANs, UDP Port numbers etc). –must request/maintain list of available GPEs and resource availability on each. Used for allocating sliver’s to GPEs and handling RSpecs. –SRM may delegate GPE management to SNM.

11. 11 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 SNM: Questions Robustness -- not contemplating for this version –If a GPE goes down do we migrate slivers to remaining GPEs? –If a GPE is added do we migrate some slivers to new GPE to load balance? –Intermediate solution: If GPE goes down then mark the corresponding slices as “unmapped” and reassign to remaining GPEs No migration of slivers when GPEs are added, just assign new slivers to the new GPE Do we need to intercept any of the API calls made against the PLC? What about the boot manager api calls and the uploading of boot log files (alpina boot logs)? implementation of the remote reboot command and console logging.

12. 12 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Node Manager Proxy “Bottom-Half” of existing Node Manager modify GetSliver() to call the System Node Manager. –use base interface and different security (currently they wrap xmlrpc calls with a curl command which includethe PLC’s certified public key). Forward GPE oriented sliver resource operations to SNM: see API list in SNM description

13. 13 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 System Resource Manager

14. 14 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Alt. Hub (Logical Slot 2, Channel 2) Base SW SFPXFP Fabric SW System Resource Manager SRM node components not in hub (switch, GPEs, Development Hosts) Primary Hub (Logical Slot 1, Channel 1) Base SW SFPXFP Fabric SW FP k NPE SRAM TCAM SCD GPE RMP NMP planetlab OS root context LC SCD TCAM snmpd MUX Resource DB

15. 15 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 System Resource Manager Maintains table describing system hardware components and their attributes –NPEs: code-options, memory blocks, counters, TCAM entries –GPEs and HW attributes Sliver attributes corresponding to internal representations and control mechanisms: –unique Sliver ID (aka meta-router ID) –global port space across assigned IP addresses –fast path VLAN assignment and corresponding IP Subnets HUB Management: –Manage fabric Ethernet switches (including any used external to the Chassis or in a multi-chassis scenario) –Manage base SW Manage line card table entries??

16. 16 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 System Resource Management Allocate Global port space –input: Slice ID, [Global IP address=0, proto=UDP, Port=0] –actions: allocate port –output: {IP Address, Port, Proto} or 0 [can’t allocate] Allocate Sliver ID –input: Slice name –actions: Allocate unique Sliver ID and assign to slice allocate VLAN ID (1-to-1 map of sliver ID to VLAN) –output: {Sliver ID, VLAN ID} Allocate NPE code option (internal) –input: Sliver ID, code option id –action: Assign NPE ‘slot’ to slice Allocate code option instance from an eligible NPE; {NPE, instance ID} Allocate memory block for instance (the instance ID is just an index into an array of preallocated memory blocks). –output: NPE Instance = {NPE ID, Slot Number} Allocate Stats Index

17. 17 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 System Resource manager Add Tunnel (aka Meta-Interface) to NPE Instance: –input: Sliver ID, NPE Instance, {IP Address, UDP Port} –actions: Add mapping to NPE demux table [VLAN:IP Addr:UDP Port Instance ID] Update instance’s attribute block {tunnel fields, exception/local delivery, QID, physical port, Ethernet addr for NPE/LC} Update next hop table (result index map to next hop tunnel) Set default QM weights, number of queues, thresholds. Update Line Card Ingress and Egress lookup tables: tunnel, NPE Ethernet address, physical port, QIDs etc.?? Update LC ingress and egress queue attributes for tunnel?? Create NPE Sliver instance: –Input: Slice ID; {IP address, UDP Port}; {Interface ID, Physical Port} {SRAM block; # filter table entries; # of queues queues; # of packet buffers; code option; amount of SRAM required; total reserved bandwidth} –Actions: Allocate NPE code option Add tunnel to NPE Instance enable Sliver VLAN on associated fabric interface ports delegate to RMP: configure GPE vnet module (via RMP) to accept Sliver’s VLAN traffic. Open UDP Port for data and control in root context and pass back to client. –output: (NPE code option) Instance number

18. 18 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Resource Manager Proxy Act as intermediary between client virtual machines and the node control infrastructure. –all exported interfaces are implemented by the RMP managing the life cycle of an NPE code instance accessing instance data and memory locations read/write to code option instance’s memory block get/set queue attributes {threshold, weight} get/add/remove/update lookup table entries (i.e. TCAM filters) get/clear pre/post queue counters, for a given stats index –one-time or periodic get get packet/byte counter for tunnel at Line card allocate/release local Port

19. 19 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Example Scenarios

20. 20 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 external interface to fabric and base (additional GPEs) xxxx x Default Traffic Configurations LC Substrate PENPEGPE mux RMP MP SNM CP user login info SRM Resource DB … NMP 1GbE (base, control) PLC planetlab OS root context 10GbE (fabric, data) 56 4 321 Default: traffic forwarded to CP over 10Gbps Ethernet switch (aka fabric) x Control messages sent over an isolated base Ethernet switch. For isolation and security Line card performs NAT like function for traffic from vservers. sliver tbl

21. 21 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Logging Into a Slice xxxx x LC Substrate Host (located within node) PENPEGPE mux RMP MP SNM CP user login info SRM Resource DB … NMP 1GbE (base, control) PLC planetlab OS root context 10GbE (fabric, data) 56 4 321 x ssh connection directed to CP for user authentication Once authenticated, session forwarded to appropriate GPE and vserver. ssh fwder sliver tbl

22. 22 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Update Local Slice Definitions x xxxx x LC Substrate Host (located within node) PENPEGPE mux RMP MP SNM CP user login info SRM sliver tbl Resource DB … NMP 1GbE (base, control) PLC planetlab OS root context 10GbE (fabric, data) 56 4 321 slices... retrieve/update slice descriptions update local database, allocate slice instances (slivers) to GPE nodes slices...

23. 23 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Creating Local Slice Instance x xxxx x LC Substrate Host (located within node) PENPEGPE mux RMP MP SNM CP user login info SRM Resource DB … NMP 1GbE (base, control) PLC planetlab OS root context 10GbE (fabric, data) 56 4 321 retrieve/update slice descriptions slices... create new slice sliver tbl

24. 24 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Allocating NPE (Creating Meta-Router) x xxxx x LC Substrate Host (located within node) PE NPE GPE mux RMP MP SNM CP user login info SRM Resource DB … NMP 1GbE (base, control) PLC planetlab OS root context 10GbE (fabric, data) 56 4 3 Allocate NPE sliver {code option, SRAM, Interfaces/Ports, etc} FP k MI 1 VLAN k FP - fast path Allocate shared NPE resources, associate with new slice fast path {SRAM block; # filter table entries; # of queues; # of packet buffers; code option; amount of SRAM required; total reserved bandwidth} Allocate and Enable VLAN to isolate internal slice traffic, VLAN k Open local socket for exception and local delivery traffic; return to client vserver Allocate global UDP port for requested interface(s); configure Line card. lkup tbl Control Interface Fast Path... Forward request to System resource manager SRAM TCAM Returns status and assigned global Port number 21 sliver tbl

25. 25 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Managing the Data Path xx x NPE GPE RMP SCD SNM CP user login info SRM Resource DB NMP 1GbE (base, control) planetlab OS root context 10GbE (fabric, data) 6 21 Allocate or Delete NPE Slice instance Add, remove or alter filters –each slice is allocated a portion of the NPE’s TCAM Read or write to per slice memory blocks in SRAM –each slice is allocated a block of SRAM Read counters –one time or periodic Set Queue rate or threshold. Get queue lengths SRAM DP l FP k TCAM FP - fast path sliver tbl

26. 26 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Misc Functions

27. 27 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Other LC Functions Line Card Table maintenance –multi-homed SPP node must be able to send packets to the correct next hop router/endsystem –random traffic from/to the GPE must be handled correctly –tunnels represent point-to-point connections so it may be alright to explicitly indicate which of possibly several interfaces and next (Ethernet) hop devices the tunnel should be bound –alternatively if were are running the routing protocols we could provide the user with the output port as a utility program. –But there are problems with running routing protocols: we could forward all route updates to the CP. But standard implementations assume the interfaces are physically connected to the endsystem. –We could play tricks as vini does. –or we assume that there is only one interface connected to one Ethernet device. NAT Functions –traffic originating from within SPP –may also want to selective map global proto/port number to specific GPEs? ARP and FIB on Line card –route daemon runs on CP and keeps FIB up to date –ARP runs on xscale and maps FIB next hop entries to their corresponding Ethernet destination addresses. netflow –flow-based statistics collection –SRM collects periodically and posts via web

28. 28 Washington WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST LOUIS Fred Kuhns - 5/26/2016 Other Functions vnet –isolation based on VLAN IDs –support port reservations ssh forwarding –maintain user login information on CP –modify ssh daemon (or have wrapper) to forward user logins to correct GPE rebooting Node (spp), even when line card fails??