1. 2004/10/28 1 Basic concept of Dual layer DVD-R

2. 2004/10/28 2 Concept of DVD-R Recorded signal characteristics is almost same as DVD- ROM media –Reflectivity, Focus/Tracking signal Sector layout is same as DVD-ROM media –ECC block, LSN=PSN-30000h (LPP adr.=PSN) Control Data Zone structure is same as DVD-ROM –Many DVD-ROM drives/players can read DVD-R media after closing of Border/Disc –Pre-recorded Extension by R-Physical format information Zone –Incremental recording and multi-border recording

3. 2004/10/28 3 DVD-R recording status & usage FS/ Application Border Disc Usage Record/Edit Finalized Recorder compatible Data update cycle OpenClose Data can be added No more data can be added Recorder compatible ROM drive compatible CloseOpen Disc-at-once recording ROM compatible stateROM incompatible state Multi-border recording Incremental recording Vendor unique recording ① E.g., DVD-Video recording ① ② ③ ② E.g., DVD-VR recording ③ E.g., DVD-VR recording, PC data recording Disc status Data update complete

4. 2004/10/28 4 Concept of dual layer DVD-R Media capacity is same as Dual DVD-ROM media 8.54GB Usage on Single layer disc can be used on Dual layer disc Only Opposite Track Path was specified in version 2.9 to avoid user confusion Use available media capacity as much as possible –Incremental recording is able to be continued after Border closing After Border closing, the disc is readable by legacy ROM drives/players as much as possible –At least the first Border should be readable by legacy drives. Middle area Data area L0 L1 Data areaLead-in Middle areaLead-out Opposite Track Path disc Recording direction

5. 2004/10/28 5 To make the disc readable by ROM Drives/Players ROM drive/player’s Pick-up head (PUH) needs to avoid entering an unrecorded area. Otherwise it may cause a problem due to different tracking servo mechanism between ROM devices and R devices.  When a disc needs to be read by ROM drives/players, L1 needs to be recorded where the L0 is already recorded. Buffer zones such as Lead- in/out, Middle area shall also be recorded. Unrecorded L0 L1 Recorded Unrecorded L0 L1 Recorded NG OK Buffer Zone  ROM compatible  Not ROM compatible

6. 2004/10/28 6 Example -1 Unrecorded Unrecorded area L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded areaBorder-out NGOK When a disc is mounted, L1 may be focused at a initial disc recognition. Lead-out L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded areaLead-out OK All unrecorded area shall be recorded. MA To make the disc compatible with ROM Remark: Lead-out recording takes long time even if actual user data size is small. No more recording is allowed when a disc is made compatible with ROM. When layer 1 is focused at first, PUH enters an unrecorded area

7. 2004/10/28 7 MA Unrecorded area L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded area Border-outMARecorded area OK NG When seek operation occurs between L0 and L1, the seek path may enter unrecorded area. MA L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded area Lead-outMARecorded area OK To make the disc compatible with ROM Example - 2 Remark: Lead-out recording takes long time even if actual user data size is small. No more recording is allowed when a disc is made compatible with ROM. When PUH moves on this seek path, PUH enters an unrecorded area.

8. 2004/10/28 8 Problem of Format 1 RMD on Dual layer In case of single layer disc, a disc becomes ROM compatible by closing of Border. However, in case of dual layer disc, closing of Border does not make the disc compatible with ROM due to remaining unrecorded area. For dual layer disc, to make the disc compatible with ROM, all unrecorded area must be filled up when Format 1 RMD is used. In this case, no more data recording can be performed. Format 1 RMD can be used to record DVD-Video format by DAO recording. Unrecorded Unrecorded area L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded areaBorder-out Not readable by ROM drives/players Border closing is meaningless in terms of compatibility with ROM drives/players

9. 2004/10/28 9 Necessity of Format 4 RMD Format 4 RMD is newly defined to solve Format 1 RMD problem. By using Format 4 RMD, contiguous areas on both L0 and L1 can be reserved as one R-Zone. Therefore, when Border is closed, the recorded area becomes ROM compatible. When Multi-Border recording is applied, new data can be recorded after the Border closing. L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded area Lead-outUnrecorded areaRecorded area Unrecorded area B-out E.g., Recorded disc with Format 4 RMD L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded Lead-outUnrecorded Recorded Unrecorded BO E.g., Multi-Border recorded disc with Format 4 RMD BI Recorded BO Reserved RZones X X+1 LSN 0 N G 2X-G

10. 2004/10/28 10 Pre-recorded Control Data Zone For DVD-R, Control Data Zone is pre-written. So the value of the end address of L0 is fixed. Logical Volume space is always fixed size. From file system point of view, there is unrecorded area in file system volume space. Above situation does not cause problem because FS/Application never accesses this unrecorded area. This is same situation as the current single layer DVD-R. Pre-recorded Control data zone MA L0 L1 Lead-inRecorded area Lead-outMA Recorded area End address of L0 Unrecorded area Lead-outLead-inRecorded area End address of Data Zone Unrecorded area BO ROM compatible Single layer disc ROM compatible Dual layer disc