1. Cognitive Radio Networks: Imagination or Reality? Joseph B. Evans Deane E. Ackers Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

2. Definitions and More Questions Cognitive Is it sense – act – learn? Or learn – sense – act? Radio Radios with the right capabilities exist But with focus on what layer(s) of the system? Is the focus on local subsystem and/or single parameter? Networks Information shared across network? Coordinated actions?

3. Radios

4. KU Agile Radio (KUAR) Compact & portable agile radio Consists of RF, digital, and power supply boards Flexible hardware Current KUAR supports 5 GHz band operations Future implementation to support 2.4 GHz band 30 MHz independent Tx/Rx complex baseband Waveform: A/D 14-bit @ 80 Msps and D/A 16-bit @ 160 Msps PowerPC 405 (266 MHz), 32 MB SDRAM / 32 MB Flash Ethernet Xilinx Vertex II Pro; 2 PPC cores; 21K logic cells; 300 MHz Flexible software Linux OS (Kernel 2.4) C++ SCA implementation from Virginia Tech (OSSIE) used for software framework KUAR control processor fully participates in wired network with standard network services Capability for dynamic service and spectrum access, and rapid service creation

5. Cognition and Radio Source: Preston Marshall, DARPA

6. Technology Trends Processing MemoryStorage Networking Agile Radios Cognitive Radio Networks?

7. Networks

8. Smarter Nodes to Smarter Networks Across Networks Within Devices & Protocol Stacks Within Networks Within Devices & Protocol Stacks

9. Cognitive Radio Architectures Cognitive radio networking capabilities Radio adaptation and collaboration Spectrum coordination for flexible wireless access Autoconfiguration Networking service discovery, naming, addressing and routing Cross layer network management overlay to provide aggregated representations of the cognitive subnetwork state to the future Internet

10. Cognitive Wireless Networks Cognitive Wireless Network with Multiple Network-Layer Overlays

11. The Bottom Line Adaptation & learning are already in the network But… Cognition in the network is immature Much work needs to be done on proving the concept and then exploring deployment

12. Cognition

13. Cognition – For Example, Spectrum Source: Preston Marshall, DARPA (Modified)

14. How Cognition Might Help Each technology can “throw” tough situations to other more suitable technologies Source: Preston Marshall, DARPA (Modified)

15. Distributed Sensing, Control, & Learning Sharing observations from sensing Sharing information for reasoning and learning Protocols and languages?

16. Opportunity in Chaos It may be best to investigate from different parts of the protocol architecture Configuration management of radios in a node because of recent trends towards multi-radio systems Network management because it is less firmly embedded in the architecture

17. Final Thoughts Radio platforms They exist, with varying degrees of sophistication Adaptation in response to sensing Most radio systems already do this to some extent Learning It is clearly incorporated on some time scale But how does it evolve over time? How it is shared – or networked?

18. Cognitive Radio Networks: Imagination or Reality?