1. Content organization methods used by image-tagging sites Philip D. Bober

2. How do we organize images? Possible options: –Don’t organize. –Categories / Folders –Text search –Tags

3. Don’t organize Easiest to do, just do nothing! Very hard to find anything

4. Categories / Folders Pros: –Very easy –Supported by just about everything –No coding needed, just “mkdir foo” Cons: –What do you do about items that fit in multiple categories? Duplication of items? Nested duplicate categories? Prioritization of categories?

5. Text search Pros: –Well known interface; Everyone has used a search engine Cons: –Requires transcribing every image –Slight differences in wording can make images hard to find

6. Tagging Unlike categories, an item can be “in” any number of tags Tags are text-based, so familiar to users of text-search Major varieties of tagging: –Who can tag, and with what tags? –How do tags relate to each other?

7. Who can tag, with what tags? Three basic groups: – Administrators decide what tags exist, and: 1. Administrators apply those tags 2. Users apply those tags –3. Users create tags and apply them

8. Admin-only tagging - Macrochan Pro: –Greatest consistency in tagging Con: –Greatest amount of work for the administrators, very little benefit from user base

9. Admin + User tagging - Anychan Users tag images, but they can only choose from preset tags created by administrators Helps with tagging consistency, and benefits from users tagging images.

10. User tagging – Danbooru Users can tag images with tags they create Greatest flexibility and leveraging of user base Least consistency: User A may use “death_note” while user B uses “deathnote”

11. How do tags relate? 3 groups: –1. Tags do not relate – Independent tags –2. Tags can inherit from other tags –3. Tags imply other tags

12. Independent tags - Danbooru FLCL is the show that Haruhara Haruko comes from. –Despite this, the image has to be tagged with both to be fully described Most work for taggers Least code needed – simplest

13. Tags inherit - Macrochan Each tag has a parent tag and possibly some number of children tags Searching for a tag also searches for its children Forms a tree – Easy to represent Some limitation in the single-parent requirement

14. Tag implications - Anychan Greatest freedom in connecting tags Forms a graph – Hard to represent

15. Questions What type of tagging gives the greatest consistency?  Admin created/applied tags  Admin created, user applied tags  User created, Admin applied tags  User created/applied tags Which is NOT a way to work around the limitations of categories?  Prioritize categories  Duplicate categories  Prioritize images  Duplicate images

16. References Wikipedia Article: Tag –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(metadata)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(metadata) Macrochan –http://macrochan.org/http://macrochan.org/ Anychan –(Private URL) Danbooru –http://danbooru.donmai.us/http://danbooru.donmai.us/