1. Understanding Populations
Chapter 8

2. Population
All of the members of a species living in the same place at the same time
All of the brown squirrels living in a forest

3. Density - the number of individuals per unit area or volume
Dispersion - the relative distribution or arrangement of its individuals within a given amount of space

4. Clumped Dispersion
Description of a large population of geese gathered in a marsh

5. Density Independent
Cause of death that does not occur more quickly in crowded populations

6. Growth Rate - Birth rate minus the death rate
Birth rate - Death rate = Growth Rate

7. Reproductive Potential - the maximum number of offspring that each member of the population can produce

8. Generation Time
Average age at which members of a species reproduce

9. Exponential growth - when populations grow faster and faster

10. Carrying Capacity - the maximum number of a species that an ecosystem can support

11. Niche The unique role of a species within an ecosystem
Kangaroo’s role as a large herbivore on Australian grasslands

12. Competition
A relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resource
Woodpeckers eating at a birdfeeder

13. Predation When an organism (predator) eats another organism (prey)
An owl snatching a mouse from a field to eat

14. Parasitism
When an organism, parasite, takes its nourishment from its host
Three lampreys attached to a fish and sucking its body fluids for food

15. Mutualism
A close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other
A butterfly pollinating a flower as it drinks nectar from the flower

16. Commensalism
A relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped
An orchid using a high tree branch as a place of attachment to receive more sunlight but not affecting the tree

17. Symbiosis - a relationship in which two organisms live in close association

18. The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse population’s?
Density

19. If over a long period of time each pair of adults in a population had only two offspring and the offspring lived to reproduce, the population would?
Remain the same

20. Which of the following species has the highest reproductive potential?
Rabbit, Elephant, Human, Horse?
Rabbit

21. Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
Rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
Reindeer of the Probilof Islands eating most of the Lichens
A bank account that earns interest
Mold appearing on bread overnight B

22. The carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species at a particular time is determined by the:
Supply of the most limited resources

23. Competition for food cannot occur:
Between animals from two different ecosystems

24. A bird that feeds at night and a bird that feeds during the day from the same flower is an example of:
Indirect Competition

25. In which type of interaction between species does one species benefit by harming another species but not killing it?
Parasitism

26. Which of the following examples would be least likely to be considered a symbiotic interaction?
A kit fox hunts and feeds on a kangaroo rat

27. Which of the following two species represent a relationship that has coevolved?
Flowering plants and their pollinators