1. Industrial Electronic Department
BASIC ELEMENTS
Industrial Electronic Department
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2. Industrial Electronic Department
OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this chapter, you should:-
Understand more fully the role and functioning of the basic instruments in closed loop control system.
Be able to define and give an example
Measuring Element
Control Element
Final Control Element
Data Presentation Element
Process
Industrial Electronic Department
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3. CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM Industrial Electronic Department
CONTROLLER z
Set Point
CONTROL
LAW
FCE
PROCESS x w e y
MEASURING
ELEMENT
Industrial Electronic Department
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4. Industrial Electronic Department
PROCESS
PROCESS x
Definition: Physical or chemical change of matter or conversion of energy
Example: change in
Pressure
Flow
Level
Temperature
Speed
Electrical Potential
etc
Industrial Electronic Department
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5. Industrial Electronic Department
MEASURING ELEMENT
MEASURING
ELEMENT
Definition: Consist of a sensor and transmitter.
Example:
Temperature: Thermocouple, Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
Pressure: Manometer, Bourdon tube, Diaphragm, Bellows
Flow: Orifice Plate, Venturimeter, Pilot Tube, Rotameter, Thermal Flow Meter, Mass Flow Meter, Turbine Flow Meter
Level: Differential Floats, Pressure Cells (DP Cells), Radar level Gauge, Ultrasonic meters, capacitance and conductance type meters
Quality: Gas Chromatograph, PH Analyzers
Industrial Electronic Department
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6. Industrial Electronic Department
MEASURING ELEMENT
Temperature Transmitter
4-20 mA Vibration Transmitter
Industrial Electronic Department
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7. Industrial Electronic Department
MEASURING ELEMENT
TRANSMITTER
Industrial Electronic Department
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8. Industrial Electronic Department
MEASURING ELEMENT
TRANSMITTER
Industrial Electronic Department
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9. Typical Sensors for Temperature Industrial Electronic Department
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10. Typical Sensors for Temperature Industrial Electronic Department
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11. Typical Sensors for Level Industrial Electronic Department
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12. Typical Sensors for Level Industrial Electronic Department
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13. Typical Sensors for Flow Industrial Electronic Department
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14. Typical Sensors for Flow Industrial Electronic Department
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15. Typical Sensors for Pressure Industrial Electronic Department
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16. Industrial Electronic Department
CONTROLLER
Set Point
CONTROL
LAW w e y x
Definition: A device which operates automatically to regulate a controlled variable.
Compares the CV & SP, and generates a process error signal.
Generates a control action according to the specified control algorithm (PID)
Example: PID Controller, PLC, etc.
Industrial Electronic Department
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17. Industrial Electronic Department
CONTROLLER
Industrial Electronic Department
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18. Industrial Electronic Department
FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT
FCE
Definition: The controlling element which directly changes the value of the manipulated variable.
Example:
Globe Valve
Butterfly Valve
Slider
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19. Industrial Electronic Department
FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT
VALVE
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20. DATA PRESENTATION ELEMENT Industrial Electronic Department
Example:
Recorder
Oscilloscope
RECORDER
Industrial Electronic Department
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