2. LET’S TRY THIS AGAIN Activity: Hero or Villain

3. What does it take? What makes a hero? What makes a villain? Which one would you associate Bravery with? Which one acts for the good of the People? Which one is selfish? Discuss

4. Hero or Villain?

5. The good and the Bad -Modernized Russia -Dams and bridges were built connecting cities in the Soviet Union -He united Russia against the so called "evils of capitalism“ -Brought Russia's economy up -In a period of 15 or so years he brought it to # 2 in the world next to Britain, and the U.S. -Revealed Hitler as the 20th c. second- worst tyrant. Ask any former East German resident. -He was a mass murderer. He killed millions of his own people -Caused the greatest man- made famine in the 20th c. -Established the world's largest penal system, the gulag

6. Hero or Villain?

7. The good and the Bad -Christopher Hitchens -Stance on abortion -Tool for the Vatican -Caused disease to spread -Fed the homeless -Helped the poor (washed them, provided shelter) -Helped those that nobody else would

8. Hero or Villain?

9. The good and the bad -1) He unified the German people and helped them regain their sense of pride 2) Stabilized the German economy and eliminated foreign debt 3) Medical experiments that other Countries used to their advantages 4) Created the modern autobahn system 5) Encouraged the development of the Volkswagen 6) Instituted the Kindergarten system 7) Encouraged the development of jet aircraft, and rocket development. -8) Arguably ended the Great Depression -Disarmed Germany -He decided that the Aryan race (Nordic descent) was superior to all others -He is responsible for the extermination of 6-8 million people, mostly Jews, but also gypsies and anyone who had the misfortune of being different -Medical experiments killed many people -Caused mass destruction across Europe

10. Good or bad?

11. Robespierre The Good Provided Stability Eliminated estate differences and church dominance Turned the Tide of War Declaration of man Metric system New fashion, word usage, flag The Bad Killed 16-18 thousand people Believed he had a divine right Executed friends, family Committee of public safety Silenced any opposition

12. Point is… Sometimes, people aren’t as bad as they seem… Sometimes, the good outweighs the bad Sometimes, they help the world without even knowing it “means to an end” ? How about Robespierre? Read the text (in groups) and discuss amongst yourselves What is his message? Does he make sense? What’s the relation between Terror and virtue? Is it possible to hold power without Terror? Is it still bad to use terror if it’s for a good cause? Try and support your Opinions with facts/information taken from the course Share your thoughts with the class

13. The text Key Words Virtue: behavior showing high moral standards Despotism: is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power Emanation: an abstract but perceptible thing that issues or originates from a source Counterrevolution, democracy, terror, despot, republic

14. Robespierre justifies the Terror If the spring of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the springs of popular government in revolution are at once virtue and terror: virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs. It has been said that terror is the principle of despotic government. Does your government therefore resemble despotism? Yes, as the sword that gleams in the hands of the heroes of liberty resembles that with which the henchmen of tyranny are armed. Let the despot govern by terror his brutalized subjects; he is right, as a despot. Subdue by terror the enemies of liberty, and you will be right, as founders of the Republic. The government of the revolution is liberty's despotism against tyranny. Is force made only to protect crime? And is the thunderbolt not destined to strike the heads of the proud?...

15. Cont’d... Indulgence for the royalists, cry certain men, mercy for the villains! No! mercy for the innocent, mercy for the weak, mercy for the unfortunate, mercy for humanity. Society owes protection only to peaceable citizens; the only citizens in the Republic are the republicans. For it, the royalists, the conspirators are only strangers or, rather, enemies. This terrible war waged by liberty against tyranny- is it not indivisible? Are the enemies within not the allies of the enemies without? The assassins who tear our country apart, the intriguers who buy the consciences that hold the people's mandate; the traitors who sell them; the mercenary pamphleteers hired to dishonor the people's cause, to kill public virtue, to stir up the fire of civil discord, and to prepare political counterrevolution by moral counterrevolution-are all those men less guilty or less dangerous than the tyrants whom they serve?